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Table 3 Marginal effects from the multinomial logit model

From: Understanding the process of adaptation to climate change by small-holder farmers: the case of east Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

Explanatory variables

Only tree planting

Tree planting and other(s)

No adaptation

Coefficient

P > |z|

Coefficient

P > |z|

Coefficient

P > |z|

Local agro-ecology (Mid-land)

-.3091525

0.053*

.304948

0.055*

.0042045

0.561

Non-farm income

.1317173

0.326

-.1437625

0.285

.0120452

0.455

Educational level of the household head-able to read and write

.1339774

0.454

-.1355246

0.447

.0015472

0.861

Education level of the household head-primary school or higher

-.0363438

0.870

.0411828

0.852

-.004839

0.505

Gender of the household head

-.3808178

0.041**

.3768494

0.042**

.0039684

0.532

Access to irrigation water

.0196342

0.941

-.0135092

0.959

-.006125

0.562

Farming experience of the household head

.0037983

0.398

-.0039727

0.376

.0001744

0.522

Farm size in hectares

.1424019

0.096*

-.139461

0.104

-.0029409

0.691

Access to food aid

.0104187

0.943

-.0022303

0.988

-.0081885

0.499

Land ownership

.0298371

0.899

-.034039

0.884

.0042019

0.711

Farmer to farmer extension

.1825314

0.228

-.0853452

0.598

-.0971861

0.354

Access to credit services

-.2390714

0.139

.2052233

0.218

.0338481

0.480

Access to extension services

.369668

0.005***

-.3712651

0.005***

.0015971

0.774

Distance from selling market

.1312373

0.013**

-.1348426

0.011**

.0036053

0.443

Distance from purchasing market

-.2389762

0.025**

.2533942

0.019**

-.014418

0.407

Family size

.0228787

0.354

-.0238753

0.333

.0009966

0.550

Annual income

9.89e-06

0.189

−8.56e-06

0.256

−1.33e-06

0.418

Livestock ownership (TLU)

.0117275

0.763

-.0129662

0.739

.0012387

0.536

  1. ***, **, * Significant at 1%, 5% and 10% significance level respectively.