Institutional barriers to organic farming in Central and Eastern European countries of the Baltic Sea region

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 3 Indicator 1–5 describing the institutions of the civil society domain

		Estonia	Latvia	Lithuania	Poland	Sweden
1	Introduction of 1st private standard	1989	1994	1992	1994	1985
2	Number of national producers’ associations	2	1	1	7	3
3	Power of producers’ associations	Need to be increased	Need to be increased	Need to be increased	Need to be increased	Good
4	Private standard can still be used	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
5	Proportion of organic farmers in producers’ associations	10-15%	≈ 60%	Most	nd	90-100%

1) EE: Milkk 2005 LV: Zarina 2009 LT: Kaspersen et al. 2004 PL: Metera 2005, personal communication, Josef Tyburski, Mazury University, Olsztyn, Poland, SE: Källander 2000/2010.
;2) EE: Vetemaa & Milkk 2012 LV: Zarina 2009 Drozdovska 2005 LT: Kaspersen et al. 2004 PL: Kilcher et al. 2011 SE: Schusseleder 2009.
, SE: Kilcher et al. 2011.
;4) CEEC: Tyburski & Zakowska-Biemans 2003; SE: Boström & Klintman , SE: Boström & Klintman SE: Boström & Klintman 2003.
5) EE: personal communication Eve Ader, Estonian Plant Production Inspectorate, LV: Drozdovska Drozdovska 2005 LT: Kaspersen et al. 2004, PL: personal communication, Josef Tyburski, Mazury University, Olsztyn, Poland, SE: estimate by comparing number of organic farms in Figure 2, Schusseleder 2009.