Institutional barriers to organic farming in Central and Eastern European countries of the Baltic Sea region

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 5 Indicator 10–19: Institutions of the state domain related to financial support

		Estonia	Latvia	Lithuania	Poland	Sweden
10	Introduction of area payment	2000	2001	1993	1999	1989
11	Area payment (Euro/ha)	80	82-139	118-734	55-382	40-855
12	% of agri-environmental scheme devoted to organic farming	16	80	72	8	25
13	Total amount devoted to organic farming (millions of euros/year)	3.1	4.9	15	7	57.8
14	% uptake of area support	80%	93%	50-60%	88%	240% *
15	Loans available for improvement of organic farms	No	No	Yes	Yes	nd
16	Lower taxes for organic farmers	No	No	Yes	Yes	nd
17	Certification/inspection costs reimbursement	No	No	Yes	Yes	No
18	Research support (million euros/year)	0.1	0.1	0.046	0.27	5.9**
19	Estimate % of agricultural research funding devoted to organic farming	1%	19%	6.3%	0.2%***	10%

;10) EE: Vetemaa & Milkk 2012 LV: Zarina 2009 LT: Kaspersen et al. 2004 PL: Metera 2005, SE: Källander 2000/2010.
11) EE: Prazan et al. 2004 LV: Latvian Ministry of Agriculture 2006a LT: Rush 2006 Lithuanian Ministry of Agriculture 2006 PL: Porter 2006 Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 2006b SE: Swedish Board of Agriculture 2012.
;12) EE, LV, LT, SE: Tuson & Lampkin 12) EE, LV, LT, SE: Tuson & Lampkin 12) EE, LV, LT, SE: Tuson & Lampkin 2006 Hrabalova et al. 2005 PL: Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 2006b.
; SE: Tuson & Lampkin 13) EE, SE: Tuson & Lampkin SE: Tuson & Lampkin 2006 Hrabalova et al. 2005 LV: Drozdovska 2005 PL: Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development 2006a LT: Lithuanian Ministry of Agriculture 2005.
;14) EE, LV, PL, SE: Tuson & Lampkin 14) EE, LV, PL, SE: Tuson & Lampkin 14) EE, LV, PL, SE: Tuson & Lampkin 2006 Hrabalova et al. 2005 LT: Lithuanian Ministry of Agriculture 2006. * In Sweden, a farm does not need to be certified to get payment for organic farming.
;15) All: Tuson & Lampkin 2006 Hrabalova et al. 2005.
16) All: Prazan et al. 2004.
;17) All: Tuson & Lampkin 2006 Hrabalova et al. 2005.
18) All: Slabe 2004. ** The total research funding includes forestry and fisheries. Thus, the number is likely to be smaller than this.
19) EE: Statistics Estonia 2007 LV: Latvian council of science 2006 LT: Slabe 2004 PL: Polish Central Statistical office 2007 SE: Slabe 2004. ***Approximation based on two different years.