Skip to main content

Table 1 Unit root tests a

From: Price relations between international rice markets

Export Price

Level

First-difference

ADF

PP

ZA

Structural break

ADF

PP

Thailand 5%

-3.380*

-2.884

-6.552***

2008 m02

-7.556***

-7.264***

Vietnam 5%

-3.804**

-2.796

-6.017***

2008 m02

-7.251***

-5.923***

Pakistan 25%

-3.794**

-2.813

-5.692***

2007 m09

-7.123***

-7.096***

U.S 2-4%

-3.102

-2.589

-4.141

2007 m09

-6.984***

-7.025***

Argentina 10%

-2.808

-2.422

-4.001

2007 m07

-7.818***

-7.707***

  1. a The time period of the price series is from January 2000 to May 2013. The prices are in their logarithmic transformations. A trend and intercept were included in the unit root tests. *, **, ***, signify a ten, five, and one percent level of significance of the unit root tests.