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Table 1 Indicators used to measure HNV farmland

From: Understanding linkages between common agricultural policy and High Nature Value (HNV) farmland provision: an empirical analysis in Tuscany Region

Component

Indicator

Unit of measure

Sources

Type 1

Farmland area with native and old species and varieties; Forest Edges

(% of UAA)

Pointereau, et al., ([2010]);

Land cover approach

(%)

Pointereau, et al., ([2010]);

Type 2

Input per hectare (nitrogen, water, input costs)

(kgsq m/€ per ha)

Paracchini and Britz, ([2010]); Pointereau, et al., ([2010]); Signorotti et al. ([2013]); Pointereau, et al., ([2010]); Schwaiger ([2012])

Farmland mosaic

Plot dimension and ratio with natural and semi-natural elements (hedgerow)

Livestock density -

Paracchini and Britz, [2010]; Signorotti et al. ([2013]); Paracchini and Britz, ([2010])

(livestock units per hectare of meadows and pastures)

Hectares

Pointereau, et al., ([2010]);

Presence of extensive grassland, fallow and pasture

Type 3

Shannon index or further index elaborations

Index

Paracchini and Britz, ([2010]); Pointereau, et al., ([2010]); Paracchini et al., [2008]

(ha of area allocated to. olive or to wet grassland)

Presence of specific crops

Pointereau, et al., ([2010]); Patterson ([2012])

Species data

(# of lower plants, vascular plants, butterflies, mammals and birds)