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Table 2 Adoption rates of technologies, management practices, and production systems (TMPPS) on U.S. dairy farms

From: The adoption of technologies, management practices, and production systems in U.S. milk production

Technology, Management Practice, or Production System

% of Farms Adopting 2005

% of Farms Adopting 2010

% of Milk Produced Covered by TMPPS 2005

% of Milk Produced Covered by TMPPS 2010

Computerized and/or Automated Technologies

    

Computerized Feed Delivery System

7.1

8.7

28.2c

37.7d

Computerized Milking System

5.3a

7.1b

22.8

24.2

On-farm Computer for Records

25.9

30.1

66.1c

73.1d

Internet for Dairy Information

38.2a

47.6b

63.6c

79.9d

Automatic Take-offs for Milking Units

37.5

39.7

72.9

77.0

Holding Pen with an Udder Washer

6.5

6.7

31.4

30.7

Breeding and/or Biological Technologies

    

Artificial Insemination

81.5

80.1

88.9c

92.2d

Embryo Transfer and/or Sexed Semen

10.4a

17.8b

15.7c

24.3d

Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin

16.6a

8.5b

40.0c

16.6d

Management Practices

    

Regularly Scheduled Veterinary Services

68.4

65.8

87.5

90.1

Nutritionist to Design Feed Mixes

71.6

72.6

87.8

90.0

Individual Cow Production Records

60.6

63.6

81.6

84.9

Forward Purchasing of Inputs

19.4

21.9

44.2c

53.1d

Negotiated Price Discounts for Inputs

34.5

36.2

60.0c

71.2d

Production Systems

    

Milk Cows ≥3 Times per Day

7.0

9.4

30.4c

41.8d

Dairy Parlor

49.9

53.0

83.9c

89.3d

Pasture-based Milk Production

18.3

20.0

6.8

6.6

USDA Certified Organic Milk Production

1.6

8.6

0.7c

3.3d

Controlled Breeding and/or Calving Season

25.3

24.8

24.2

20.9

  1. Superscripts a and b indicate that the estimates differ significantly at P< 0.10. Likewise, superscripts c and d indicate that the estimates differ significantly at P < 0.10.