Table 2 Socioeconomic characteristics of honey producers
From: Impact of supply chain coordination on honey farmers’ income in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Variable | Sample Average | Contract | Cooperative | Spot market (base) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (male = 1, female = 0) | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.86 a | 0.92 |
(0.01) | (0.03) | (0.07) | (0.01) | |
Age in years | 43.65 | 39.91 b | 43.18 | 44.08 |
(0.62) | (1.53) | (2.58) | (0.70) | |
Household size in number | 6.22 | 6.51 | 5.64 a | 6.23 |
(0.11) | (0.40) | (0.40) | (0.11) | |
Illiterate (1 = yes, 0 = no) | 0.46 | 0.34 a | 0.46 | 0.47 |
(0.03) | (0.08) | (0.10) | (0.03) | |
At least primary education (1 = yes, 0 = no) | 0.56 | 0.66 a | 0.54 | 0.53 |
(0.03) | (0.08) | (0.10) | (0.03) | |
Active family size (number) | 2.53 | 2.51 | 2.50 | 2.54 |
(0.05) | (0.22) | (0.24) | (0.06) | |
Experience (years) | 7.34 | 7.71 | 7.38 | 7.29 |
(0.35) | (1.19) | (1.56) | (0.37) | |
Land size (hectares) | 0.86 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.85 |
(0.03) | (0.08) | (0.11) | (0.03) | |
Tropical livestock units | 4.62 | 4.68 | 4.44 | 4.63 |
(0.21) | (0.47) | (0.89) | (0.24) | |
Tropical livestock units 5 years (recall) | 4.30 | 4.52 | 4.20 | 4.29 |
(0.32) | (0.74) | (0.82) | (0.36) | |
Distance to asphalt road (km) | 21.39 | 29.79 c | 32.07 c | 19.60 |
(0.88) | (3.03) | (2.78) | (0.94) | |
Distance to Mekelle (km) | 71.80 | 66.67 | 55.48 b | 72.52 |
(2.13) | (6.94) | (5.54) | (2.37) | |
No. of observations | 395 | 35 | 28 | 332 |