Impact of supply chain coordination on honey farmers’ income in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 3 Production and marketing of honey for different producers

Variable	Sample mean	Contract	Cooperative	Spot market (base)
No. of traditional beehives	1.44	0.89	1.43	1.50
No. of traditional beehives	(0.27)	(0.30)	(1.07)	(0.31)
No. of modern Beehives	3.71	5.97 ^b	2.29	3.59
No. of modern Beehives	(0.33)	(1.43)	(0.34)	(0.35)
No. of modern beehives 5 years ago(recall)	1.67	1.57	0.96	1.14
No. of modern beehives 5 years ago(recall)	(0.12)	(0.38)	(0.39)	(0.13)
White honey production (kg)	22.45	47.40 ^c	15.93	20.37
White honey production (kg)	(1.52)	(10.01)	(2.97)	(1.38)
Amount of honey for market (kg)	27.24	43.71 ^a	15.61	26.48
Amount of honey for market (kg)	(3.26)	(3.72)	(2.93)	(3.72)
Honey production per beehive (kg)	7.61	9.82 ^b	8.57	7.29
Honey production per beehive (kg)	(0.39)	(1.19)	(1.66)	(0.43)
Honey income (birr)	1821	3625 ^c	884	1710
Honey income (birr)	(196)	(1020)	(163)	(205)
Total household income (birr)	8888	10940 ^a	7302	8806
Total household income (birr)	(523)	(1827)	(1494)	(578)
Average per capita income (birr) ^d	3271	4059	2660	3239
Average per capita income (birr) ^d	(203)	(704)	(4378)	(226)
No. of observations	395	35	28	332

Source: Calculated from own survey data
Figures in parenthesis are standard errors
^a . ^b , ^c significance at 10, 5 and 1 % significance level for the t-test
^d per capita income adult equivalent (OECD-modified scale which assigns value 1 for the household head, of 0.5 to each adult member and 0.3 to each child is used)