Table 7 Balancing properties of covariates in treated and control groups for kernel matching (Full Model)
From: Impact of supply chain coordination on honey farmers’ income in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Variable | Unmatched | Mean | Kernel matching | Nearest neighbor matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Matched | Treated | Control | Percent bias | Percent reduced bias | t | Percent bias | Percent reduced bias | t | |
Age, household head | Unmatched | 39.91 | 44.19 | -39.2 | -1.96 b | -39.2 | -1.96 b | ||
Matched | 40.55 | 40.14 | 3.7 | 90.5 | 0.47 | 4.2 | 89.3 | 0.66 | |
Illiterate, household head | Unmatched | 0.34 | 0.47 | -25.8 | -1.43 | -25.8 | -1.43 | ||
Matched | 0.33 | 0.36 | -4.5 | 82.7 | 0.09 | 6.8 | 73.7 | 0.57 | |
Size of household | Unmatched | 6.51 | 6.26 | 11.6 | 0.69 | 11.6 | 0.69 | ||
Matched | 6.55 | 6.51 | 1.8 | 84.8 | -0.27 | 3.8 | 67.2 | -0.71 | |
Active family members | Unmatched | 2.51 | 2.54 | -2.1 | -0.13 | -2.1 | -0.13 | ||
Matched | 2.55 | 2.50 | 4.1 | -94.8 | 0.36 | -0.5 | 76.6 | -0.10 | |
Production experience | Unmatched | 7.71 | 7.32 | 5.7 | 0.33 | 5.7 | 0.33 | ||
Matched | 8.06 | 7.76 | 4.3 | 24.2 | 0.26 | -5.4 | 6.2 | -0.09 | |
Land size | Unmatched | 0.95 | 0.86 | 19.1 | 1.02 | 19.1 | 1.02 | ||
Matched | 0.95 | 0.90 | 10.3 | 46.1 | 0.03 | 4.9 | 74.2 | -0.70 | |
Land size2 | Unmatched | 1.13 | 1.03 | 9.5 | 0.47 | 1.03 | 9.5 | 0.47 | |
Matched | 1.13 | 1.04 | 8.4 | 11.5 | 0.04 | 3.8 | 60.5 | -0.64 | |
Tropical livestock units (5 years recall) | Unmatched | 4.52 | 4.33 | 3.3 | 0.16 | 3.3 | 0.16 | ||
Matched | 4.67 | 4.26 | 7.2 | -114.0 | -0.18 | 3.8 | -13.2 | -0.86 | |
No. of modern hives (5 years recall) | Unmatched | 1.57 | 1.15 | 18.3 | 1.02 | 18.3 | 1.02 | ||
Matched | 1.67 | 1.38 | 12.6 | 31.1 | 0.47 | -2.5 | 86.5 | -0.36 | |
No. of traditional hives (5 years recall) | Unmatched | 1.20 | 1.99 | -17.8 | -0.80 | -17.8 | -0.80 | ||
Matched | 1.27 | 1.41 | -3.1 | 82.7 | 0.26 | 0.6 | 96.8 | 0.89 | |
Distance to Mekelle | Unmatched | 66.67 | 72.14 | -13.0 | -0.72 | -13.0 | -0.72 | ||
Matched | 67.23 | 71.64 | -10.5 | 19.3 | 0.11 | -6.6 | 49.6 | 0.85 | |
Distance to asphalt road | Unmatched | 29.79 | 19.53 | 58.4 | 3.34 c | 58.4 | 3.34 c | ||
Matched | 28.41 | 24.89 | 20.0 | 65.7 | 0.23 | 14.7 | 74.8 | -0.57 | |
Distance to RDO | Unmatched | 5.14 | 3.60 | 27.7 | 2.35 b | 27.7 | 2.35 b | ||
Matched | 3.70 | 4.06 | -6.5 | 76.4 | -1.53 | -0.8 | 97.2 | -1.68 | |