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Table 6 Estimation results of actual biosecurity actions amongst poultry producers in Nigeria

From: Examining the control of bird flu risks among Nigerian poultry producers: implication for effectiveness of biosecurity knowledge, attitude, and practices (EBKAP)

 

Poisson biosecurity

Random effects probit

Index on knowledge on AI symptoms

0.0176

−0.0103

(0.0237)

(0.0707)

Index on beliefs on good practices handling poultry products

−0.0055

0.0730

(0.0307)

(0.0895)

Perception of disease risk (1 is high risk; 4 is no risk)

−0.0255

0.1367

(0.0285)

(0.0873)

B1: Head’s years of poultry raising experience

−0.0027

0.0004

(0.0038)

(0.0112)

Hhsize: number of people in HH

0.0043

−0.0061

(0.0123)

(0.0362)

hhhgen: head is female

0.0895

0.0741

(0.0734)

(0.2157)

Hhhedu: Head’s yrs of education

0.0361***

0.0672*

(0.0137)

(0.0398)

Hhhedu2: Head’s yrs of education, squared

−0.0015**

−0.0024

(0.0007)

(0.0021)

Child: dummy 1 if HH has child <12 years old

0.0854

0.3011*

(0.0536)

(0.1619)

Ln of total HH income

0.0097

0.0121

(0.0076)

(0.0207)

Ln_total_poultry: log of total poultry flock size

−0.0000

−0.0101

(0.0055)

(0.0159)

Layer: log of layer flock size

0.0096**

0.0346**

(0.0046)

(0.0141)

dis_farm: distance to nearest poultry farm

0.0005

0.0001

(0.0006)

(0.0019)

dis_ahealth: distance to animal health shop

−0.0001

−0.0003

(0.0008)

(0.0023)

ifdisease: dummy = 1 if there ever been an AI outbreak in the village

0.0791

0.3014*

(0.0522)

(0.1557)

Kano: dummy = 1 if HH is from Kano

−0.0487

−0.0501

(0.1107)

(0.3183)

Anambra: dummy = 1 if HH is from Anambra

−0.0594

0.0914

(0.1107)

(0.3190)

Constant

1.5915***

 

(0.2447)

 

Closed doors in poultry house all the time

 

1.3223***

 

(0.1539)

Checked poultry house daily for dead or sick birds

 

2.6862***

 

(0.1849)

Kept poultry in the cage during the outbreak in the village

 

1.7969***

 

(0.1609)

Quarantined new purchased poultry

 

1.2388***

 

(0.1551)

Checked the symptoms of diseases before purchase

 

1.9897***

 

(0.1617)

Monitor interaction/contact between yours and neighbors’ poultry

 

1.3345***

 

(0.1600)

Monitored contact between your poultry and wild poultry

 

1.3554***

 

(0.1624)

All visitors visiting the house or livestock farm are required to clean with disinfectant (go through foot bath)

 

0.2923*

 

(0.1640)

Frequently cleaned floors and cages from feces

 

2.3099***

 

(0.1702)

Operate an all-in-all-out policy for each batch/cycle

 

1.2967***

 

(0.1736)

Constant

−1.1562

−2.0563**

(1.0317)

(0.8031)

lnsig2u

 

0.0502

 

(0.1419)

Constant

−0.3014***

 

(0.0750)

 

Load

  

Constant

8.8356*

 

(5.2360)

 

Observations

611

2673

Log-likelihood

−979.0981

−1247.9915

chi2

70.4866

387.0977

chi2_c

 

394.7225

P

0.0000

0.0000

Sigma

−0.3014

1.0254

(0.0750)

(0.0727)

Rho

0.9362

0.5125

(2.3190)

(0.0354)

  1. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1
  2. Standard errors in parentheses
  3. Source: Field Survey, 2014