Table 5 Factors influencing investment on trees in the farmland among farmers in West Africa Sahel
Variable description | Countries | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burkina Faso (N = 240) | Mali (N = 240) | Rep. of Niger (N = 480) | Senegal (N = 120) | Sahel (N = 1,080) | |
Coefficient (S.E) | Coefficient (S.E) | Coefficient (S.E) | Coefficient (S.E) | Coefficient (S.E) | |
Constant | 0.677 (0.03)*** | 4.118 (0.227)*** | 1.206 (0.038)*** | 1.073 (0.069)*** | 2.351 (0.505)*** |
Covariates | |||||
  Household structure | |||||
  Number of active members in the household | −0.045 (0.037) | −0.004 (0.009) | −0.023 (0.038) | 0.012 (0.054) | −0.29 (0.025) |
  Household size | −0.004(0.016) | 0.005 (0.004) | 0.026 (0.017) | 0.032 (0.033) | 0.023 (0.015) |
  Household endowment | |||||
   Production assets | |||||
   Size of arable land (ha) | 0.042 (0.012)*** | 0.176 (0.003)*** | 0.199 (0.030)*** | −0.017 (0.022) | 0.064 (0.009)*** |
   Number of livestock units owned | −0.009 (0.004)** | −0.001 (0.002) | −0.006 (0.006) | −0.002 (0.020) | 0.004 (0.006) |
   Transportation assets | |||||
   If the household owns a cart (1 = yes) | −0.136 (0.146) | 0.113 (0.183) | 0.320 (0.126)** | −0.200 (0.225) | 0.279 (0.168)* |
   Information assets | |||||
   If the household owns a cell phone (1 = yes) | 0.211 (0.092)** | 0.194 (0.111)* | 0.317 (0.138)** | 0.501 (0.241)** | 0.464 (0.157)*** |
   If the highest level of education of the household head is primary/functional (1 = yes) | −0.047 (0.130) | 0.027 (0.124) | 0.550 (0.560) | 0.285 (0.274) | 0.143 (0.038)*** |
   Average distance from the main markets | 0.000 (0.001) | −0.017 (0.011) | 0.045 (0.011)*** | 0.069 (0.018)*** | 0.003 (0.001)** |
   If the household is a member of at least one CBO (1 = yes) | 0.174 (0.092)** | 0.169 (0.097)* | 0.063 (0.154) | −0.340 (0.287) | 0.444 (0.172)** |
  Institutional factors | |||||
  If there is an operational local convention within the community (1 = yes) | 0.156 (0.140) | 0.167 (0.067)** | 0.833 (0.254)*** | 0.060 (0.073) | 0.678 (0.220)*** |
  If there is existing land management commission within the village (1 = yes) | 0.025 (0.012)** | – | −0.230(0.156) | −0.559 (0.276)** | −0.787 (0.215)*** |
  If there is both local convention and land management commission within the village (1 = yes) | 0.085 (0.072) | – | −0.908 (0.320)** | −0.116 (0.075) | −0.155 (0.374) |
  If the household has access to credit (1 = yes) | −0.351 (0.167)** | 0.162 (0.120) | 0.212 (0.149) | 0.069 (0.017)*** | 0.353 (0.184)* |
CHI- SQ P (χ 2) | 109.96 0.000 | 51.92 0.000 | 85.30 0.000 | 52.65 0.000 | 145.61 0.000 |