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Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 5 Description of explanatory variables and hypotheses

From: The impact of agricultural cooperatives membership on the wellbeing of smallholder farmers: empirical evidence from eastern Ethiopia

Variables Description Expected effect on membership
Age Age of the household head “+”, “−”
Sex Gender of the household head; 1 if male and 0 otherwise “+”, “−”
Education Educational status of household head; 1 if attended some form of education 0 otherwise “+”
Farming experience Number of years since the household head started agricultural production “+”
Social responsibility The position of the household head in the society; 1 if the head has social responsibility and 0 otherwise “+”
Number of oxen Number of oxen the household owned “+”
Off/nonfarm activity Participation in off/nonfarm activity; 1 if the head participates in off/nonfarm activities and 0 otherwise “−”
Market distance Distance from the respondent’s residence to the nearest market measured in kilometer “−”
Market information Access to market information; 1 if the household head has access 0 otherwise “+”
Coop office distance Distance from the respondent’s residence to the cooperative office in kilometer “−”
Family aged below 16 The numbers of family members of the respondent who are aged below 16 “−”
Family aged above 50 The numbers of family members of the respondent who are aged above 50 “−”
Family size in AE Family size expressed in adult equivalent “−”, “+”
Livestock in TLU Size of livestock the household own measured in tropical livestock units  
TLU less oxen Size of livestock the household own except the number of oxen expressed in tropical livestock units “+”
TLU per AE Size of livestock owned by the household measured in tropical livestock units expressed per adult equivalent “+”
Land owned Size of land owned by the household measured in quxi “+”
Land per AE Size of land owned by the household expressed in adult equivalent “+”
Babile The household lives in Babile district “+”, “−”
Gursum The household lives in Gursum district “+”
Fedis The household lives in Fedis district “+”
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