Table 2 Standard deviation of market income on Irish farms

Initial decoupled subsidies (€10,000)

0.10***

0.01

0.10***

0.19***

0.05

Change in decoupled subsidies (€10,000)

0.13***

0.09**

0.10***

0.28***

0.15**

Log of coupled subsidies

0.02**

0.03

0.03**

0.07

0.03

Log of gross output

0.53***

0.63***

0.50***

0.31***

1.06***

Initial land owned (100 ha)

0.13**

0.39***

0.18

0.03

0.12

Initial land let out (100 ha)

0.17

−0.15

0.45

−0.09

−0.81

Initial land rented in (100 ha)

0.24***

0.50***

0.18

0.50

0.38

Change in land owned (100 ha)

0.06

−0.09

0.04

0.01

1.69**

Change in land let out (100 ha)

−0.25

1.03

−0.72

−0.59

−1.19

Change in land rented in (100 ha)

0.07

0.02

0.08

−0.05

0.07

Livestock units per hectare (100 ha)

−0.07*

−0.06

0.01

−0.13

−0.12

Daily concentrates per L.U. (kg)

0.01

−0.03

0.02

0.01

−0.04

Crop protection cost (10,000s €)

0.13*

0.24

0.29*

−0.03

0.26

Fertiliser cost (10,000s €)

−0.03

−0.07

−0.08

0.01

−0.44**

Mean farmer age

−0.01

−0.04**

0.01

−0.00

−0.03*

Mean farmer age squared

0.00

0.00**

−0.00

0.00

0.00**

Farmer off-farm job

0.02

0.10*

0.01

−0.07

0.16

Spouse off-farm job

0.01

0.03

−0.04

0.12

0.21*

Cattle

−0.23***

Sheep

−0.18***

Tillage

−0.33***

Constant

−5.74***

−6.02**

−6.28***

−4.51***

11.00***

N

927

249

494

104

80

\( {R}^2 \)

0.80

0.80

0.76

0.67

0.84