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Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 2 Descriptive statistics

From: Transparency systems: do businesses in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) regret the cancellation of the Smiley scheme?

 

Mean

Standard deviation

Minimum

Maximum

Exogenous variables

 Age (in years)

50.67692

8.947058

29

77

 Gender (female)

29.23077

–

0

1

 Risk attitudea

1.191667

0.9813028

0

4

 Competitorsb

3.962963

3.766368

0

20

 Revenuec

2.896825

1.041763

0

4

 Awardd

3.414063

0.9181232

0

4

 Consciencee

3.073171

0.9336227

0

4

Endogenous variable

 Regret cancellation of the smileyf

3.293651

1.08124

0

4

  1. aIf you were to describe your basic risk attitude in business decisions, which of the following statements most likely fit to your attitude? [0 = When I make an entrepreneurial decision, the risk does not matter, I only orientate myself on the expected profit. 1 = If I can expect a high profit, I can also live with a great risk. 2 = Even if I can expect a high profit, the risk must be manageable. 3 = Even though I can expect a high profit, the risk must be rather low. 4 = Even if a high profit is to be expected, I am basically only willing to take a very low risk.]; broadly speaking, i.e. 0 = highly risk seeking, 1 = a little risk seeking, 2 = risk neutral, 3 = a little risk averse, 4 = highly risk averse
  2. bIn big cities, the competitive pressure by the large number of resident trades is often described as high. Could you please try to estimate the number of competitors to your businesses in the direct environment? [open question]
  3. cA positive smiley increases the firm’s revenue. [0 = Disagree strongly, 1 = Disagree a little, 2 = Neither agree nor disagree, 3 = Agree a little, 4 = Agree strongly]
  4. dThe smiley is an award for my effort to obey with all laws. [0 = Disagree strongly, 1 = Disagree a little, 2 = Neither agree nor disagree, 3 = Agree a little, 4 = Agree strongly]
  5. eIn case of non-compliance, I always feel uncomfortable even if no one knows about it. [0 = Disagree strongly, 1 = Disagree a little, 2 = Neither agree nor disagree, 3 = Agree a little, 4 = Agree strongly]
  6. f[0 = Disagree strongly, 1 = Disagree a little, 2 = Neither agree nor disagree, 3 = Agree a little, 4 = Agree strongly]
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