Table 1 Summary of the studies which examined the relationship between off-farm income and technical efficiency
Authors | Country | Type of crop | Estimation technique | Relationship between TE and off-farm activities |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Tijani 2006 | Nigeria | Rice | SFA | + |
Haji 2007 | Ethiopia | Vegetable | DEA | + |
Pfeiffer et al. 2009 | Mexico | Agriculture | Combined SFA with instrumental variable | + |
Kilic et al. 2009 | Albania | Agriculture | Combined instrumental variables, Tobit, and SFA | No systematic relationship |
BozoÄŸlu and Ceyhan 2007 | Turkey | Vegetable | SFA | No systematic relationship |
Lien et al. 2010 | Norway | Agriculture | SFA | No systematic relationship |
Feng et al. 2010 | China | Rice | Instrumental variable | No systematic relationship |
Bojnec and Fertő 2013 | Slovenia | Agriculture | SFA | + |
Chang and Wen 2011 | Taiwan | Rice | SFA | − |
Lien et al. 2010 | Norwegian | Grain | SFA | No systematic relationship |
Yang et al. 2016 | China | Agriculture | SFA | No systematic relationship |
Zhang et al. 2016 | China | Agriculture | Combined SFA with instrumental variable | + |
Abebe 2014 | Ethiopia | Agriculture | Combined SFA with instrumental variable | + |
Chavas et al. 2005 | Gambia | Agriculture | Combined DEA with Tobit | No systematic relationship |
Babatunde 2013 | Nigeria | Agriculture | Combined SFA with instrumental variable | No systematic relationship |
Larochelle and Alwang 2013 | Bolivian | Potato | SFA | − |
Goodwin and Mishra 2004 | USA | Agriculture | Simultaneous equation | − |