Table 5 Description of variables used in the logistic regression model

 Y = HHFSS, food security status

1 if a household is food secure, 0 otherwise

 X₁ = GHH, gender

1 if a household head is male, 0 otherwise

 X₂ = HHA, age

Household head’s number of years of age

 X₃ = FS, family size

Number of household members

 X₄ = NALF, agricultural labor force

Number of household members participated in agricultural activities

 X₅ = OFI, off-farm income

1 if the income obtained from off-farm income enabled the household to buy food crops, 0 otherwise

 X₆ = PS, policy support

1 if the policy support given to achieve food security is high, 0 otherwise

 X₇ = RS, relief support

1 if a household received relief support, 0 otherwise

 X₈ = FE, farm experience

The number of years the household head has engaged him/herself in farming

 X₉ = LR, land redistribution

1 if food shortage occurred by periodic land redistribution, 0 otherwise

 X₁₀ = AEZ, agro-ecological zone

1 if food shortage occurred because of their agro-ecological zone where their farmland is located, 0 otherwise

 X₁₁ = FLT, topography

1 if the farmland topography is gentle, and 0 otherwise

 X₁₂ = soil fertility

1 if the soil fertility is high, and 0 otherwise

 X₁₃ = ER, erosion

1 if food shortage is occurred by soil erosion, 0 otherwise