From: Impact of dairy hubs on smallholder welfare: empirical evidence from Kenya
Variable | Selection | Milk yields | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants | Non-participants | |||||
Coefficient | Std. error | Coefficient | Std. error | Coefficient | Std. error | |
Constant | 0.387 | 0.524 | 1.254** | 0.531 | − 1.682 | 3.571 |
Age | − 0.161 | 0.109 | − 0.216 | 0.378 | 0.076 | 0.056 |
Education | 0.439*** | 0.127 | 3.374** | 1.282 | 2.019*** | 1.015 |
Experience | 0.237 | 0.145 | 0.296 | 0.182 | 0.624 | 0.403 |
Ext. service | 0.459** | 0.206 | 2.768** | 1.123 | 5.520** | 2.361 |
Credit access | 0.071** | 0.03 | 0.056** | 0.022 | 0.039*** | 0.014 |
Landholding | 0.178** | 0.07 | 0.735 | 0.498 | − 0.627* | 0.331 |
Livestock | 0.199** | 0.101 | 0.047*** | 0.016 | 0.593 | 0.376 |
Distance | − 0.171*** | 0.04 | − 0.076*** | 0.02 | − 0.088*** | 0.01 |
Sex | 0.035 | 0.27 | − 0.237 | 0.16 | − 0.058 | 0.13 |
Off-farm | − 0.256** | 0.11 | 0.104 | 0.07 | 0.091*** | 0.03 |
HH size | − 0.209*** | 0.08 | 0.179** | 0.09 | − 0.217 | 0.15 |
Dependents | − 0.172 | 0.11 | − 0.336 | 0.683 | 0.187 | 0.127 |
F group | 0.008 | 0.037 | 0.085 | 0.089 | 0.071 | 0.061 |
Res(DistExt) lnσ NP | 0.073 | 0.061 | 0.427*** | 0.119 | ||
ρ NP | − 0.177 | − 1.492 | ||||
lnσ P | 0.627*** | 0.143 | ||||
ρ P | −0.537*** | 0.184 | ||||
Log likelihood | − 485.438 | |||||
χ2 statistics for overidentification | 0.605 [0.41] | |||||
Likelihood ratio test of independent equations χ2(1) | 17.63*** |