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Table 7 Economic surplus

From: Assessing post-harvest labor shortages, wages, and welfare

 

Post-shock competitive equilibrium

Post-shock fixed wage

Welfare change

Post-shock fixed wage transport

Welfare change transport

Pome commodity market (million $)

 Consumer

8032.6

6788.0

− 1244.6

1344.1

− 6688.4

 Firm

1002.2

2187.9

1186.7

1002.2

0.0

 Total

9034.8

8975.9

− 58.9

2346.4

− 6688.4

Prunus commodity market (million $)

 Consumer

699.2

461.5

− 237.7

249.8

− 449.3

 Firm

113.8

322.9

209.1

113.8

0.0

 Total

813.0

784.4

− 28.6

363.6

− 449.3

Pre-harvest labor market (million $)

 Pre-harvest labor

110.7

61.9

− 48.8

61.9

− 48.8

 Firm

564.4

570.3

5.9

570.3

5.9

 Total

675.1

632.2

− 42.9

632.2

− 42.9

Post-harvest labor market (million $)

 Post-harvest labor

253.6

237.6

− 16.0

237.6

− 16.0

 Firms

842.1

856.8

14.7

856.8

14.7

 Total

1095.7

1094.4

− 1.2

1094.4

− 1.2

Total firms (million $)

 Total pome firms

2179.3

3382.2

1202.9

2196.5

17.2

 Total prunus firms

343.3

555.7

212.4

346.6

3.4

  1. Notes: Surplus in labor markets is calculated by multiplying the estimated equilibrium wage times the average number of workers in each occupation that each industry uses, less the opportunity cost of labor as indicated by the labor supply curve, and then adjusting for 40 h per week for 50 weeks per year. Total firms surplus (not profit) is the sum of surplus from the specific commodity market plus the welfare from the pre-harvest and post-harvest labor markets determined by the ratio of industry employment to total employment for each activity type. Values are for 2013