Factors affecting adoption of improved sorghum varieties in Tanzania under information and capital constraints

Kaliba, Aloyce R; Mazvimavi, Kizito; Gregory, Theresia L; Mgonja, Frida M; Mgonja, Mary

doi:10.1186/s40100-018-0114-4

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 3 Summary statistics of all covariates

From: Factors affecting adoption of improved sorghum varieties in Tanzania under information and capital constraints

Variables	Adopters	Non-adopters	p values
Variables	Proportions		p values
If household head is resident
No	0.004	0.019	0.708
Yes	0.996	0.981
Household type
Female headed	0.141	0.117	0.376
Male headed	0.859	0.883
Marital status of household head
Widow	0.091	0.117	0.035**
Divorced	0.028	0.047	0.198
Single	0.026	0.025	0.988
Married	0.855	0.811	0.11
Education of household head
Cannot read and write	0.117	0.169	0.047**
No school but car read and write	0.015	0.031	0.185
Primary level education (1–3 years)	0.038	0.044	0.828
Primary level education (4–7 years)	0.737	0.702	0.33
More than 7 years of education	0.094	0.054	0.058*
Gender of the main farmer
Female	0.214	0.186	0.372
Male	0.782	0.811
Sample size	505	317
	Mean and standard deviation
Weighted labor equivalent scale	17.617	17.779	0.742
Weighted labor equivalent scale	(6.985)	(6.638)	0.742
Household size using adult equivalent scale	3.794	3.782	0.882
Household size using adult equivalent scale	(1.123)	(1.124)	0.882
Unweighted household size	6.382	6.416	0.831
Unweighted household size	(2.208)	(2.235)	0.831
Dependent ratio	0.749	0.711	0.078*
Dependent ratio	(0.628)	(0.543)	0.078*
Age of household head	47.540	47.990	0.667
Age of household head	(14.280)	(15.030)	0.667
Geometric mean age of all adults	36.380	37.190	0.277
Geometric mean age of all adults	(10.430)	(10.340)	0.277
Weighted education for all adults	8.224	7.656	0.041^**
Weighted education for all adults	(3.855)	(3.892)	0.041^**
Knowledge on improved seeds (years)	3.970	2.340	0.001^**
Knowledge on improved seeds (years)	(6.150)	(7.840)	0.001^**
Total household wealth (Tshs)	933,069.290	819,294.960	0.281
Total household wealth (Tshs)	(171,829.620)	(129,425.150)	0.281
Quality of government extension services	6.250	4.700	0.000^***
Quality of government extension services	(4.030)	(3.990)	0.000^***
Quality of extension services from NGOs	1.280	1.050	0.214
Quality of extension services from NGOs	(2.820)	(2.370)	0.214
Participation in market activities (%)	18.130	10.460	0.463
Participation in credit market (%)	7.540	4.010	0.415
	Number	Number	% adopters
Minimum interaction with research	87	58	60
Some interaction with research activities	358	199	64.27
High interaction with research activities	60	60	50
Intermediate Potential	207	143	59.14
High potential	298	174	63.14
Dodoma Region	62	40	60.78
Kilimanjaro Region	31	26	54.39
Manyara Region	63	47	57.27
Shinyanga Region	63	55	53.39
Singida Region	286	149	65.75

The stars show statistical significance at the 1% (***), 5% (**), and * 10% level. p value is the probability value from the parametric z-test. For continuous variables, numbers in parenthesis are standard deviations

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