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Table 5 Definitions of the variables that are used in this study

From: Does mobile phone technology reduce agricultural price distortions? Evidence from cocoa and coffee industries

Variable name

Definitions

Data source

RPM

The relative price margin, which is the difference between farm gate and boarder price of cocoa and coffee

Calculated by authors using from www.icco.org and www.ico.org

NRA

Nominal rate of assistance, the rate at which agricultural price is taxed or subsidized

World Bank agricultural distortions data

Institution

Proxied by polity2. The polity score is computed by subtracting the p_autocracy score from the p_democracy score

Polity IV Projecta

Mobile phone usage

The ratio of mobile technology use per 100 persons

data.worldbank.org

Internet connectivity

The ratio of internet use per 100 persons

data.worldbank.org

GDP per capita

Gross Domestic Product per capita

data.worldbank.org

Inflation

Level of inflation, expressing annual changes of consumer prices

data.worldbank.org

Public debt

This is actual nominal public debts expressed in US dollar

IMF, 2017

% of Rural popu.

Rate of rural population as percent of total population

data.worldbank.org

Land per capita

Arable land expressed in ha divided by rural population

FAOSTAT

  1. a http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm