From: Welfare and food security response of animal feed and water resource scarcity in Northern Ethiopia
Variables | (OLS) | (IV) | (OLS) | (IV) | (OLS) | (IV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
lnPCFE | lnPCFE | lnPCFE | lnPCFE | lnPCFE | lnPCFE | |
Ln(output) | 0.0998*** | 0.0698*** | 0.0984*** | 0.0677*** | 0.0842*** | 0.0587*** |
(0.0122) | (0.0164) | (0.0123) | (0.0164) | (0.0131) | (0.0165) | |
Ln(livestock) | 0.0381*** | 0.0337** | 0.0368*** | 0.0330** | 0.0363*** | 0.0327** |
(0.0130) | (0.0134) | (0.0130) | (0.0135) | (0.0129) | (0.0133) | |
Ln(Family size) | − 0.388*** | − 0.366*** | − 0.380*** | − 0.356*** | − 0.379*** | − 0.360*** |
(0.0536) | (0.0556) | (0.0538) | (0.0562) | (0.0533) | (0.0550) | |
Gender(1/0) | − 0.103* | − 0.118* | − 0.0846 | − 0.105* | − 0.113* | − 0.125** |
(0.0593) | (0.0612) | (0.0595) | (0.0618) | (0.0591) | (0.0605) | |
Information(1/0) | 0.0544 | 0.0363 | 0.0401 | 0.0250 | 0.0412 | 0.0267 |
(0.0546) | (0.0564) | (0.0546) | (0.0567) | (0.0544) | (0.0559) | |
Location(1/0) | − 0.0480 | − 0.0629 | − 0.0567 | − 0.0910 | − 0.126 | − 0.139 |
(0.145) | (0.149) | (0.141) | (0.146) | (0.140) | (0.143) | |
Ln(MarketD) | 0.00360 | 0.0173 | 0.000178 | 0.0150 | 0.00219 | 0.0157 |
(0.0341) | (0.0354) | (0.0342) | (0.0357) | (0.0339) | (0.0350) | |
Ashock13(1/0) | − 0.494** | − 0.408** | − 0.526*** | − 0.431** | − 0.505*** | − 0.426** |
(0.193) | (0.201) | (0.192) | (0.201) | (0.192) | (0.198) | |
Ln(Shocks) | 0.220 | 0.354* | 0.241 | 0.396* | 0.247 | 0.378* |
(0.203) | (0.214) | (0.199) | (0.212) | (0.199) | (0.210) | |
Religion(1/0) | 0.119* | 0.143* | 0.0948 | 0.122* | 0.111 | 0.132* |
(0.0712) | (0.0736) | (0.0707) | (0.0736) | (0.0704) | (0.0724) | |
Network(1/0) | − 0.0839 | − 0.170*** | − 0.0833 | − 0.167*** | − 0.0677 | − 0.147** |
(0.0567) | (0.0657) | (0.0564) | (0.0646) | (0.0557) | (0.0645) | |
Age(years) | − 0.000615 | − 0.000883 | − 0.000760 | − 0.000914 | − 0.000504 | − 0.000746 |
(0.00176) | (0.00181) | (0.00176) | (0.00182) | (0.00175) | (0.00179) | |
Ln(Income) | 0.0437*** | 0.0560*** | 0.0426*** | 0.0558*** | 0.0432*** | 0.0547*** |
(0.00189) | (0.00476) | (0.00190) | (0.00482) | (0.00189) | (0.00478) | |
Ln(ShadowPW) | − 0.0520* | − 0.0528* |  |  |  |  |
(0.0295) | (0.0303) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Ln(ShadowPG) |  |  | − 0.0972*** | − 0.0669** |  |  |
 |  | (0.0286) | (0.0312) |  |  | |
Ln(ShadowPF) |  |  |  |  | − 0.0525*** | − 0.0441** |
 |  |  |  | (0.0172) | (0.0178) | |
Constant | 5.753*** | 5.672*** | 6.052*** | 5.785*** | 5.835*** | 5.702*** |
(0.300) | (0.309) | (0.308) | (0.331) | (0.283) | (0.294) | |
R-squared | 0.702 | 0.676 | 0.705 | 0.675 | 0.706 | 0.684 |
First stage | ||||||
 Average rainfall |  | 0.1665*** |  | 0.1459*** |  | 0.1629*** |
 | (0. .0573) |  | (0. 0581) |  | (0.0574) | |
 Shock |  | − 20.1556*** |  | − 19.932*** |  | − 20.004*** |
 | (2.184) |  | (2.1718) |  | (2.1765) | |
 Observation | 496 | 496 | 496 | 496 | 496 | 496 |