Table 5 Effect of water, grazing, and feed scarcity on log PCFE and food security
From: Welfare and food security response of animal feed and water resource scarcity in Northern Ethiopia
Variables | PCFE | Food security | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Male | Female | All | Male | Female | |
A. Walking distance | ||||||
 Ln(WaterD) | − 0.131*** | − 0.1492*** | − 0.0607 | − 0.0839*** | − 0.0803* | − 0.0978 |
(0.0320) | (0.0366) | (0.0665) | (0.0291) | (0.0324) | (0.0762) | |
 Ln(GrazingD) | − 0.0888** | − 0.1008** | − 0.0339 | − 0.1190*** | − 0.1160*** | − 0.1507* |
(0.0347) | (0.0406) | (0.0724) | (0.0335) | (0.0384) | (0.0901) | |
 Ln(FeedD) | − 0.0716*** | − 0.0779*** | − 0.0394 | − 0.0708*** | − 0.0603** | − 0. 0822* |
(0.0248) | (0.0287) | (0.0497) | (0.0234) | (0. 0277) | (0.0495) | |
 Observations | 496 | 370 | 126 | 514 | 382 | 132 |
B. Shadow value | ||||||
 Ln(ShadowPW) | − 0.0528* | − 0.0497 | − 0.0550 | − 0.0594* | − 0.0432 | − 0.1447* |
(0.0303) | (0.0352) | (0.0616) | (0.0327) | (0.0373) | (0.0878) | |
 Ln(ShadowPG) | − 0.0669** | − 0. 0706** | − 0. 0358 | − 0.0533* | − 0.0513 | − 0.0864 |
(0.0312) | (0.0352) | (0.0705) | (0.0307) | (0.0357) | (0.0659) | |
 Ln(ShadowPF) | − 0.0441** | − 0. 0536*** | − 0.0082 | − 0.0418** | − 0.0416* | − 0.0330 |
(0.0178) | (0.0203) | (0.0392) | (0.0185) | (0.0215) | (0.0394) | |
 Observations | 496 | 370 | 126 | 514 | 382 | 132 |