Table 6 Results from double-bounded contingent valuation
From: Labeling food safety attributes: to inform or not to inform?
Model I standard model | Model II with bid set dummies | Model III anchoring and shift | |
|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Estimate | Estimate | Estimate |
Intercept | − 0.405 (0.701) | 0.081 (0.594) | − 0.363 (0.461) |
Food safety label | |||
Safer Choice/Enhance | 0.324 (0.209) | 0.346** (0.175) | 0.328** (0.137) |
Safer Choice/Vaccinated | 0.155 (0.210) | 0.183 (0.176) | 0.174 (0.138) |
Attitudes, knowledge, and opinion | |||
Personal health issues | 0.329*** (0.109) | 0.255*** (0.091) | 0.296*** (0.071) |
Read labels | 0.100 (0.120) | 0.098 (0.101) | 0.097 (0.079) |
Accept vaccines | − 0.163** (0.082) | − 0.132* (0.069) | − 0.151*** (0.054) |
Opinions about the government’s role | |||
Label vaccines | 0.230** (0.099) | 0.233*** (0.084) | 0.229*** (0.065) |
Mandate vaccines | 0.062 (0.081) | 0.028 (0.068) | 0.049 (0.053) |
Ensure safety | − 0.069 (0.090) | − 0.024 (0.076) | − 0.052 (0.059) |
Demographics | |||
College | − 0.431* (0.228) | − 0.267 (0.192) | − 0.364** (0.150) |
Income | 0.003* (0.002) | 0.002 (0.001) | 0.002** (0.001) |
Children at home | 0.093 (0.174) | 0.091 (0.146) | 0.098 (0.114) |
Location | |||
Shopping district | 0.454* (0.242) | 0.370* (0.207) | 0.389** (0.159) |
Natural Foods store | 0.895*** (0.272) | 0.732*** (0.231) | 0.802*** (0.178) |
Urban center | 0.725*** (0.275) | 0.719*** (0.233) | 0.702*** (0.180) |
Bid set dummies | |||
Bid set 1 | − 0.841*** (0.176) | ||
Bid set 2 | − 0.792*** (0.164) | ||
Anchoring and shift effects | |||
Anchoring (γ) | 0.711*** (0.151) | ||
Shift (δ) | − 0.986*** (0.234) | ||
Log likelihood | − 343.81 | − 330.85 | − 677.59 |