Table 1 Definition of variables used in the analysis

Dep. variable

Succession

Farmer thinks that the next generation will take over the farm

1 = yes; 0 = no

Farmer

Farmer age

Age of the farm-holder

Age

Corsi 2009 (BS); Glauben et al., 2004 (BS); Aldanondo Ochoa et al. 2007 (US); Kimhi and Nachlieli 2001 (BS); Stiglbauer and Weiss 2000 (BS)

Farmer degree

Farmer has a degree

1 = yes; 0 = no

Simeone 2006 (+); Corsi 2009 (−); Mishra et al. 2010 (−) Bertoni and Cavicchioli 2016a (−)

Farmer children

Number of farmers’ children > 15 years old in the farm

Number of children

Aldanondo Ochoa et al. 2007 (−); Cavicchioli et al. 2015 (−); Mann 2007 (+)

Farm

Turnover_250

The farm annual turnover is over 250,000 EUR

1 = turnover > 250,000 EUR;0 = otherwise

Corsi 2009 (+); Mishra and El-Osta 2008 (+); Aldanondo Ochoa et al. 2007 (+); Kerbler 2008 (+)

Farm duration

Years since the farm began

Years

Bertoni and Cavicchioli 2016a (+)

RPFV farm

Farm type: ready prepared fresh vegetables (RPFV)

1 = yes; 0 = no

Kimhi and Nachlieli 2001 (−); Bertoni and Cavicchioli 2016a (+)

Fruit farm

Farm type: fruit production

1 = yes; 0 = no

Emplwork

Share of employed worked days on total annual worked days in the farm

%

Kerbler 2008 (−)

Workdays

The annual worked days in the farm both by holder family and employees

Days

Aldanondo Ochoa et al. 2007 (+); Glauben et al., 2004 (+); Kimhi and Nachlieli 2001 (−)

Labour market and surrounding conditions (LMSC)

Distance

Distance from the headquarters of the producer organization

Kilometres

Aldanondo Ochoa et al. 2007 (−)

Popdens

Population density at the local labour systems level

Inhabitants per square kilometre

Alasia et al. 2009 (+); Olper et al. 2014 (−); Bertoni and Cavicchioli 2016a (US)

Empl

Employment rate at the local labour systems level

%

Corsi 2009 (−); Barkley 1990 (+); Alasia et al., 2009 (−); Olper et al. 2014 (+); Cavicchioli et al. 2018 (BS)

Agrshare

Share of agricultural employment on total employment at the local labour systems level

%

Barkley 1990 (−); Larson and Mundlak 1997 (−); Corsi 2009 (+); Olper et al. 2014 (+)

Incgap

Income gap between non-agricultural sectors and agricultural sector in each province (NUTS 3)

Thousands EUR (GVA/worker)

Barkley 1990 (−); Larson and Mundlak 1997 (−); Olper et al. 2014 (−); Bertoni and Cavicchioli 2016a (BS)

Hills

Farm is located in the hills

1 = yes; 0 = no

Corsi 2009

Mountain

Farm is located on the mountains

1 = yes; 0 = no

Glauben et al., 2004 (−)

Regional dummies

Farm location in a NUTS 2 region (omitted: Lombardy)

1 = yes; 0 = no