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Table 5 Parameter estimates of SPF model

From: Correcting for sample selection in stochastic frontier analysis: insights from rice farmers in Northern Ghana

Variable

Convectional SPF

Sample selection SPF

Pooled

Irrigation only

Rainfed only

Pooled—sample

Irrigation

Rainfed

Coef.

Std. Err.

Coef.

Std. Err.

Coef.

Std. Err.

Coef.

Std. Err.

Coef.

Std. Err.

Coef.

Std. Err.

Const.

3.988c

0.044

3.944c

0.062

4.053c

0.063

3.970c

0.066

3.942c

0.023

4.007c

0.114

Farm size

0.920c

0.074

1.205c

0.011

1.283c

0.095

0.923c

0.084

1.336c

0.034

1.144

0.122

Labour

0.067a

0.04

0.044

0.071

0.256c

0.093

0.069

0.053

0.023

0.018

0.11

0.102

Seed

− 0.235c

0.027

− 0.157c

0.045

− 0.235c

0.051

− 0.158c

0.034

− 0.153c

0.016

− 0.107

0.08

Fertilizer

− 0.014

0.047

0.053

0.108

− 0.127b

0.057

− 0.018

0.049

0.132c

0.028

− 0.071

0.113

Herbicide

0.124a

0.064

− 0.266

0.221

− 0.074

0.102

0.062

0.081

− 0.520c

0.047

− 0.076

0.138

Farm size2

0.076c

0.026

0.183c

0.042

− 0.071b

0.035

0.013

0.02

0.224c

0.01

− 0.085b

0.036

Labour2

− 0.0198

0.017

− 0.0187

0.017

0.025

0.03

− 0.014

0.02

− 0.0098a

0.005

0.0022

0.038

Seed2

− 0.046c

0.006

− 0.014

0.01

− 0.060c

0.011

− 0.044c

0.007

− 0.012c

0.002

− 0.036b

0.015

Fertilizer2

0.004

0.011

0.006

0.014

− 0.025

0.015

− 0.012

0.009

0.051c

0.007

− 0.0277

0.035

Herbicide2

− 0.033

0.03

0.104

0.073

− 0.022

0.034

− 0.054

0.037

0.145c

0.022

− 0.04223

0.061

Farm sizeaLabour

0.0756

0.058

− 0.009

0.066

0.207a

0.125

0.066

0.067

− 0.052b

0.021

0.26375a

0.142

Farm sizeaSeed

− 0.036

0.048

− 0.069

0.056

− 0.085

0.064

0.0097

0.049

− 0.071c

0.017

− 0.06171

0.089

Farm sizeaFertilizer

− 0.234c

0.072

0.175a

0.09

0.009

0.102

0.235c

0.072

0.173c

0.027

− 0.17683

0.139

Farm sizeaHerbicide

− 0.013

0.088

− 0.379b

0.151

0.159

0.11

0.182c

0.066

0.473c

0.042

0.28069b

0.123

LabouraSeed

0.049a

0.027

0.026

0.034

− 0.145c

0.051

− 0.038

0.034

0.0063

0.008

− 0.09272

0.065

LabouraFertilizer

0.037

0.052

− 0.034

0.073

− 0.012

0.068

0.072

0.059

− 0.016

0.021

0.05588

0.105

LabouraHerbicide

− 0.065

0.063

− 0.075

0.074

− 0.02

0.125

− 0.087

0.07

− 0.036

0.025

− 0.1116

0.133

SeedaFertilizer

0.091b

0.036

− 0.055

0.069

0.214c

0.06

0.132c

0.04

− 0.093c

0.017

0.20680b

0.103

SeedaHerbicides

0.131c

0.046

0.06

0.086

0.178c

0.058

0.056

0.054

0.071c

0.022

0.08807

0.082

FertilizeraHerbicide

0.042

0.073

− 0.288b

0.117

− 0.151

0.093

0.03

0.074

− 0.458c

0.035

− 0.01806

0.139

RTS

0.86

 

0.88

 

1.10

 

0.88

 

0.82

 

1.00

 

L. Likelihood

− 362.855

− 35.986

− 235.691

− 671.929

− 187.078

− 408.302

gamma(γ)

0.947

0.969

0.972

      

lambda(λ)

      

2.056

9.093

1.324

σ(u)

4.212c

0.525

5.618c

1.593

5.866c

1.336

0.689c

0.047

0.644c

0.012

0.627c

0.098

σ (v)

0.807c

0.001

0.503c

0.002

0.907c

0.002

0.335c

0.031

0.071c

0.01

0.474c

0.06

Selectivity bias (ρw,v)

      

0.727c

0.085

0.99998c

0.001

0.823c

0.092

N

538

223

315

538

223

315

  1. a, b and c represent 10%, 5% and 1% level of significance, respectively
  2. Source: Analysis of field data, 2017