The geography of agriculture participation and food security in a small and a medium-sized city in Ghana

Ayerakwa, Hayford Mensah; Dzanku, Fred Mawunyo; Sarpong, Daniel Bruce

doi:10.1186/s40100-020-00155-3

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 6 Ordered probit estimates of participation in agriculture and food security (Tamale)

From: The geography of agriculture participation and food security in a small and a medium-sized city in Ghana

Variables		Average marginal effects
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
	Coef.	Severe	Moderate	Mild	Secure
Participation in agriculture (ref. is UandR)
Nonp	− 0.609***	0.128	0.069	0.018	− 0.216
Uonly	− 0.388**	0.073	0.048	0.016	− 0.137
Ronly	− 0.612***	0.129	0.070	0.018	− 0.217
Female HH head	− 0.053	0.014	0.005	0.000	− 0.019
Age of HH head	0.000	− 0.000	− 0.000	− 0.000	0.000
Age of spouse	− 0.004	0.001	0.000	0.000	− 0.001
Married HH head	− 0.032	0.008	0.003	0.000	− 0.011
Years schooling: HH head	0.004	− 0.001	− 0.000	− 0.000	0.002
Years schooling: spouse	0.017	− 0.004	− 0.002	− 0.000	0.006
Years schooling: other adult	0.177*	− 0.045	− 0.017	− 0.001	0.063
HH size	− 0.004	0.001	0.000	0.000	− 0.002
Share of dependants	0.217	− 0.055	− 0.020	− 0.001	0.077
Received cash transfer	− 0.037	0.009	0.003	0.000	− 0.013
Received food transfer	0.052	− 0.013	− 0.005	− 0.000	0.018
No. of nonfarm income earners	0.092**	− 0.023	− 0.009	− 0.001	0.033
Monthly per capita income	0.004***	− 0.001	− 0.000	− 0.000	0.001
Livestock producer	− 0.106	0.027	0.010	0.000	− 0.037
Owns dwelling	0.114	− 0.029	− 0.011	− 0.001	0.041
Chronically sick HH head	− 0.173	0.046	0.015	− 0.000	− 0.061
Chronically sick spouse	− 0.139	0.037	0.012	0.000	− 0.049
Chronically HH member	− 0.045	0.012	0.004	0.000	− 0.016
Indebted	0.365**	− 0.082	− 0.040	− 0.009	0.130
Unemployed HH head	− 0.305*	0.085	0.023	− 0.003	− 0.106
Unemployed spouse	− 0.014	0.004	0.001	0.000	− 0.005
Unemployed HH member	− 0.304***	0.083	0.025	− 0.001	− 0.107
μ (1)	− 1.013***
μ (2)	− 0.362
μ (3)	0.015
Observations	996
Log–likelihood value	− 1173
Pseudo R²	0.109

***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1

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