Table 6 Heterogeneity in mean taste parameter models

Sorghum-chickpea

.477^***

.110

.439^***

.105

.466^***

.106

.667^***

.115

Maize-chickpea

.086

.122

.114

.120

.092

.102

− .262^**

.111

Shape

.372^***

.044

.367^***

.043

.259^***

.042

.075^**

.038

Flavor

.473^***

.060

.474^***

.056

.483^***

.065

.677^***

.100

Labeling

1.16^***

.084

1.139^***

.077

1.192^***

.100

1.244^***

.107

Price

− .378^***

.027

− .379^***

.026

− .352^***

.027

− .188^***

.020

Constant

− 5.16^***

.136

− 5.12^***

.139

− 5.05^***

.147

− 5.01^***

.155

S-CH*elementary

− .464^***

.090

− .456^***

.089

− .373^***

.107

− .179^*

.092

S-CH*high school

− .186^**

.079

− .178^**

.076

− .164^**

.081

− .047

.070

S-CH*diploma

− .666^***

.101

− .631^***

.096

− .684^***

.118

− .136^*

.078

M-CH*family size

− .031

.031

− .040

.030

− .026

.024

− .070^**

.031

M-CH: elementary

.464^***

.125

.464^***

.122

.360^***

.113

.163

.112

Shape*write & read

.493^***

.121

.506^***

.111

.556^***

.120

.173^**

.083

Shape*elementary

.337^***

.056

.346^***

.055

.316^***

.061

.167^***

.054

Flavor*sex

− .218^***

.045

− .217^***

.043

− .238^***

.050

.016

.059

Flavor*family size

− .018

.013

− .016

.013

− .004

− .004

− .041^**

.017

Flavor*Write & read

− .354^***

.077

− .340^***

.071

− .266^***

.096

− .009

.077

Flavor*high school

.184^***

.052

.186^***

.048

.165^***

.056

.101

.062

Flavor*degree

.539^***

.089

.480^***

.077

.531^***

.111

.264^***

.088

Labeling*sex

− .081

.054

− .089^*

.051

− .048

.068

.064

.073

Labeling*family size

− .055^***

.018

− .046^***

.017

− .073^***

.020

− .071^***

.025

Labeling*high school

− .142^*

.073

− .157^**

.069

− .167^*

.088

− .148^*

.089

Labeling*diploma

− .942^***

.083

− .909^***

.074

− 1.08^***

.146

− .098

.110

Labeling*degree

.244^**

.113

.221^**

.101

.193

.152

.011

.116

Price*family size

.018^***

.005

.019^***

.005

.022^***

.006

− .011^**

.005

Price*write & read

− .178^***

.054

− .161^***

.051

− .294^***

.077

− .036

.033

Price*high school

.031

.025

.038

.023

.042^*

.021

.691

.018

Price*Tec. college

− .132^***

.039

− .129^***

.036

− .017

.037

.063^**

.030

Price*diploma

− .049

.029

− .053^**

.026

− .101^***

.036

− .046

.035

Sorghum-chickpea

.129

.120

.040

.105

.089

.083

.033

.099

Maize-chickpea

.039

.202

.048

.156

.000

.060

.025

.056

Shape

.127^**

.063

.130^**

.055

.128^**

.057

.156^***

.050

Flavor

.331^***

.029

.321^***

.028

.293^***

.039

.351^***

.054

Labeling

.518^***

.037

.510^***

.037

.536^***

.051

.455^***

.114

Price

.084^***

.020

.076^***

.019

.078^***

.020

.031^**

.012

Tau (τ)

.564^***

.035

.558^***

.033

.553^***

.030

1.0

Fixed

Gamma (γ)

.621^***

.119

0.0

Fixed

1.0

Fixed

.565^***

.200

Sigma (i)

.984^*

.573

.985^*

.566

.985^*

.561

.957

1.089

N

8400

8400

8400

8400

LL function

− 5236.95

− 5243.05

− 5229.90

− 5139.53

McFadden pseudo-R²

.432

.431

.433

.443

AIC/N

1.256

1.258

1.255

1.233