Women in household decision-making and implications for dietary quality in Bhutan

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 4 Linear, quadratic, and cubic estimations of WPDMI on FVS and HDDS

	FVS			HDDS
Variables	Linear	Quadratic	Cubic	Cubic	Quadratic	Cubic
WPDMI	− 0.783**	− 0.853***	− 1.538***	− 0.296**	− 0.318***	− 0.423**
WPDMI	(0.349)	(0.303)	(0.587)	(0.117)	(0.104)	(0.199)
WPDMI²		− 0.622***	− 0.645***		− 0.191***	− 0.195***
WPDMI²		(0.162)	(0.159)		(0.063)	(0.063)
WPDMI³			0.165*			0.025
WPDMI³			(0.092)			(0.036)
Head age [years]	− 0.031	− 0.022	− 0.023	− 0.010	− 0.007	− 0.007
Head age [years]	(0.025)	(0.026)	(0.026)	(0.009)	(0.009)	(0.009)
Member with highest education [years]	0.070	0.061	0.059	0.019	0.016	0.016
Member with highest education [years]	(0.081)	(0.077)	(0.077)	(0.029)	(0.028)	(0.028)
Household size	0.435	0.462	0.446	0.127	0.135	0.133
Household size	(0.311)	(0.308)	(0.311)	(0.105)	(0.106)	(0.106)
Dependency ratio	− 3.424*	− 2.927*	− 2.955*	− 1.453**	− 1.301*	− 1.305*
Dependency ratio	(1.806)	(1.740)	(1.734)	(0.708)	(0.682)	(0.684)
Farm size [log]	− 0.535	− 0.383	− 0.390	− 0.160	− 0.113	− 0.114
Farm size [log]	(0.436)	(0.430)	(0.434)	(0.123)	(0.124)	(0.125)
Production diversity	0.306*	0.258	0.232	0.199***	0.184***	0.180***
Production diversity	(0.171)	(0.164)	(0.162)	(0.058)	(0.056)	(0.057)
Distance to the nearest farm road [min]	− 0.060**	− 0.051**	− 0.050**	− 0.014	− 0.011	− 0.011
Distance to the nearest farm road [min]	(0.024)	(0.024)	(0.023)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.009)
Soil quality	2.343***	2.524***	2.540***	0.345	0.401**	0.403**
Soil quality	(0.570)	(0.552)	(0.552)	(0.210)	(0.199)	(0.199)
Observations	213	213	213	213	213	213
Adjusted R squared	0.217	0.250	0.253	0.364	0.387	0.385

Estimations include location dummies to control for Gewog level characteristics; robust standard errors in parentheses
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
Source: Authors’ estimation