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Table 4 Production costs of atta made from white cowpeas

From: Economic potentials of artisanal food processing microenterprises in West Africa: case of “atta” production in Cotonou (Benin)

Cost items

Average cost per kilogram of processed cowpeas* (FCFA)

Percentage

Cowpeas (raw material)

589.8 (99.8)

39.1

Ingredients

412.5 (238.7)

23.0

Transport

57.1 (56.5)

3.0

Water

20.2 (19.3)

1.1

Fuel

108 (51.5)

6.3

Packaging

43.7 (20.6)

2.6

Milling

195.4 (26.3)

12.5

Rent

40.1 (105.3)

2.6

Intermediate inputs

1466.8 (372.1)

90.4

Occasionally hired labor

15 (47.7)

1.8

Family labor

144.8 (115.3)

7.5

Depreciation

7.3 (8.8)

0.4

Total cost

1633.9 (434.2)

100.0

Total cost without family labor

1369.2

-

  1. Source: Survey results, November to December 2017
  2. *This is the arithmetic mean of the unit cost variable “cost per week/quantity of cowpea processed in a week,” for the sample of 27 craftswomen. Standard deviations are in parentheses. The average quantity of cowpeas processed in a week by each woman was 10.83 kg, and the average cost per week was 16,029.7 FCFA