Variables | Description | Mean (std. dev) | |
---|---|---|---|
2011-2012 | 2013-2014 | ||
Household characteristics | |||
Male headed | =1 if head is male; 0 if female | 0.83 | 0.81 |
Formal school | =1 if the head attends school; 0 otherwise | 0.31 | 0.32 |
Age of head | Age of the head in years | 44.81 (15.09) | 46.18 (14.59) |
Household size | Number of household members | 5.355 (2.22) | 5.391 (2.24) |
Livestock holding | Tropical livestock units (TLU) | 3.819 (3.61) | 4.153 (4.46) |
Farm size | Size of cultivated land (ha) | 1.598 (6.92) | 1.742 (4.12) |
Area under maize | Are allocated for maize (ha) | 0.313 (0.97) | 0.375 (1.90) |
Credit access | =1 if access credit; 0 otherwise | 0.243 | 0.240 |
Non-agribusiness | =1 if owns non-farm business; 0 otherwise | 0.215 | 0.277 |
Improved seed | =1 if used improved seed; 0 otherwise | 0.186 | 0.236 |
Climatic factors and economic environment | |||
Distance to road | Distance to major road (km) | 17.17 (19.14) | 16.80 (18.61) |
Distance to market | Distance to nearest market (km) | 65.63 (47.59) | 66.24 (51.24) |
Distance to zone capital | Distance to administration center (km) | 166.9 (124.3) | 164.7 (117.6) |
Annual temperature | Mean annual temperature (°C) | 19.78 (2.88) | 19.79 (2.92) |
Temp. wet. quarter | Mean temperature of wettest quarter (°C) | 19.36 (2.94) | 19.37 (2.98) |
Total rainfall | Annual total rainfall (mm) | 760.5 (232.9) | 1621.8 (225.9) |
Historical rainfall | Historical average rainfall (2001-2013) (mm) | 886.54 (248.1) | 947.03(248.8) |
Rainfall wet. quarter | Total rainfall of wettest quarter (mm) | 425.4 (140.1) | 758.2 (87.74) |
Shocks | |||
Production shocks | =1 if reports any production shock | 0.010 | 0.007 |
Price shocks | =1 if reports any price shock | 0.026 | 0.022 |
Health shocks | =1 if reports any health shock | 0.091 | 0.051 |
Sample size (N) | Number of observations | 1393 | 1541 |