Table 4 Endogenous switching for FSF adoption and milking cows ownership

Education status (literate=1)

− 0.00974 (0.255)

− 0.0382 (0.198)

− 0.00268 (0.133)

Household head age (year)

− 0.0112 (0.00823)

− 0.00392 (0.00605)

− 0.00279 (0.00442)

Household head sex (male=1)

0.0423 (0.325)

0.122 (0.212)

0.345** (0.175)

Family size (number)

− 0.0457 (0.0537)

− 0.0543 (0.0421)

0.0640** (0.0285)

Farm size (ha)

0.360* (0.202)

0.200 (0.126)

− 0.0110 (0.0523)

Farm income (ETB)

− 9.62e-06 (1.00e-05)

1.31e-05** (5.54e-06)

− 4.91e-06 (3.75e-06)

Off farm income (ETB)

− 1.11e-06 (2.21e-06)

5.71e-06 (6.53e-06)

3.61e-06** (1.69e-06)

Access to formal credit (yes = 1)

− 0.329 (0.259)

− 0.464** (0.210)

− 0.00167 (0.142)

Information access (TV, radio, and mobile = 1)

− 0.393 (0.297)

− 0.612** (0.279)

0.528*** (0.155)

Herd size (TLU)

0.406*** (0.0898)

0.695*** (0.111)

− 0.0355 (0.0248)

Forage use (yes = 1)

0.0865 (0.273)

− 0.0842 (0.248)

0.359** (0.154)

Feed supplementary expense (ETB)

0.000396 (0.000291)

− 0.000115 (0.000108)

2.52e-05 (9.99e-05)

Veterinary expense (ETB)

− 0.00182*** (0.000683)

− 0.000205 (0.000947)

− 0.000835 (0.000706)

Location of household (highland = 1)

− 0.545 (0.413)

− 0.963** (0.477)

− 0.963*** (0.344)

Family labor (h)

− 0.000733 (0.00195)

− 0.00256 (0.00184)

0.00149 (0.000949)

Hired labor (h)

0.394 (0.315)

− 0.221 (0.186)

− 0.0872 (0.139)

Animal shock experience (yes = 1)

0.215 (0.278)

− 0.113 (0.244)

0.421*** (0.150)

Distance to market (walking minutes)

0.00104 (0.00246)

0.00233 (0.00154)

2.01e-05 (0.00110)

Distance to nearest road (walking minutes)

− 0.00403 (0.00495)

0.00226 (0.00244)

− 0.00297* (0.00179)

Exposure of SF (year)

0.351*** (0.0472)

Constant

− 0.146 (1251)

− 1.504*** (503.9)

− 2.125*** (0.416)

rho1, rho0

0.475 (0.331)

− 0.488 (0.227)**

LR test of indep. eqns (PV

0.1354

Observations

518

518

518