Examining the determinants of global and local price passthrough in cereal markets: evidence from DCC-GJR-GARCH and panel analyses

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 1 Summary statistics for wheat price returns

	Mean	Median	Maximum	Minimum	Std. dev.	Skewness	Kurtosis	Jarque-Bera
International wheat price	0.007	− 0.006	0.239	− 0.278	0.085	0.184	4.329	7.449^a
Afghanistan	0.006	0.000	0.515	− 0.229	0.088	1.924	14.602	585.233^b
Argentina	0.019	0.000	0.627	− 0.302	0.104	2.793	16.68	855.266^b
Brazil	0.006	0.008	0.128	− 0.241	0.059	− 0.874	5.517	36.778^b
Cameroon	0.003	0.000	0.216	− 0.227	0.053	− 0.162	9.043	143.457^b
Ethiopia	0.005	0.002	0.338	− 0.216	0.074	0.511	7.35	78.212^b
Georgia	0.006	0.000	0.118	− 0.168	0.046	− 0.404	5.252	22.419^b
India	0.002	0.000	0.161	− 0.144	0.048	0.154	4.839	13.622^a
Israel	0.008	0.008	0.109	− 0.108	0.037	0.223	4.173	6.174^a
Kazakhstan	0.005	0.000	0.182	− 0.185	0.040	0.404	12.599	363.438^b
Kyrgyzstan	0.006	0.000	0.405	− 0.123	0.068	2.613	14.988	669.883^b
Mauritania	0.004	0.000	0.139	− 0.217	0.039	− 0.788	16.351	707.839^b
Peru	0.005	0.000	0.078	− 0.035	0.017	0.904	5.902	45.785^b
South Africa	0.007	0.002	0.178	− 0.288	0.069	− 0.793	6.224	50.578^b
Tajikistan	0.007	0.000	0.281	− 0.141	0.053	1.249	10.02	217.443^b
Ukraine	0.006	0.009	0.152	− 0.269	0.054	− 1.38	10.969	278.556^b
Uruguay	0.009	0.014	0.274	− 0.227	0.067	0.151	7.984	97.636^b

^a and ^b indicate statistical significance at the 5% and 1% levels, respectively