Fig. 1

Hierarchy of customary and statutory interests in land (Ghana). *The customary license devolves from the usufructuary, allodial or sub-allodial titles while the leasehold interest may devolve from the allodial, sub-allodial, usufructuary and common law freehold titles. Note: red lines indicate market-based tenure. Source: Authors’ Illustration based on (Ollennu 1962; Bentsi-Enchill 1964; Asante 1965; Da Rocha and Lodoh 1999)