Farmer-herder conflicts, tenure insecurity and farmer’s investment decisions in Agogo, Ghana

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 3 Demographic characteristics of respondents: summary

Attribute/category	Individual interviews	FGD	Key informants	Total (% to 1 decimal point)^a
Age
20–30	2	0	0	2 (2.8%)
30–40	6	3	0	9 (12.7%)
40–50	15	15	2	32 (45.1%)
50–60	8	9	4	21 (29.5%)
Over 60	5	0	2	7 (9.9%)
Sex
Male	24	18	8	50 (70.4%)
Female	12	9	0	21 (29.6%)
Education level (highest completed)
Tertiary	5	_	4	9 (20.5%)
Secondary	1	_	2	3 (6.8 %)
Junior High school	7	_	0	7 (15.9%)
Primary	10	_	1	11 (25.0%)
No education	13	_	1	14 (31.8%)
Primary occupation
Farmer	25	_	_	25 (69.4%)
Teacher	4	_	_	4 (11.1%)
Carpenter	2	_	_	2 (5.6%)
Lumbering (chainsaw operator)	0	_	_	0
Charcoal burning	0	_	_	0
Electrician	0	_	_	0
Hair dressing	0	_	_	0
Driver/bus conductor	2	_	_	2 (5.6%)
Trader	3	_	_	3 (8.3%)
Secondary occupation
Farmer	11	_	_	11(30.5%)
Teacher	0	_	_	0
Carpenter	0	_	_	0
Lumbering (chain saw operator)	1	_	_	1 (2.8%)
Charcoal burning	1	_	_	1 (2.8%)
Electrician	1	_	_	1 (2.8%)
Hair dressing	3	_	_	3 (8.3%)
Driver/bus conductor	2	_	_	2 (5.6%)
Trader	3	_	_	3 (8.3%)
None	14	_	_	14 (38.9%)
Ancillary economic activities
Labourer/casual work^b (off-farm) in the past 3 years	22	_	_	22 (61.1%)
Labourer (on-farm)^c in the past 3 years	0	_	_	0

^aPercentages pertaining to humans as used in the discussions section are rounded off to the nearest higher whole number.
^bRespondents considered casual work as an ancillary economic activity that they engage in when they take time off from their primary or secondary occupations. In this context, ancillary economic activities instead of being regarded as an occupation was viewed as, an often-used mechanism for livelihood support.
^cRespondents mentioned on-farm labour services as a last resort and intimated that it was instead common to find migrants usually from the northern regions of Ghana offering the service as their primary or secondary occupation.
Source: authors’ construction, field data (2017)