From: Food consumption patterns, nutrient adequacy, and the food systems in Nigeria
Country (n=4042) | Rural (n=2721) | Urban (n=1321) | Diff.=urban−rural (t-test) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Diff. | t-stat. | |
Household head is male (1/0)a | 0.81 | 0.39 | 0.83 | 0.37 | 0.77 | 0.42 | −0.06 | −4.47** |
Age of household head in years | 52.4 | 14.2 | 52.4 | 14.3 | 52.4 | 14.1 | −0.06 | −0.13 |
Household head attained post-primary education (1/0) | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.27 | 16.9** |
Household size in adult female equivalent | 5.53 | 3.03 | 5.82 | 3.08 | 4.91 | 2.82 | −0.91 | −9.07** |
Dependency ratio (share of children <14 and adults>64) | 0.42 | 0.25 | 0.44 | 0.24 | 0.39 | 0.26 | −0.04 | −5.21** |
Household expenditure quintile | ||||||||
_1 (bottom 20%) (1/0) | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0.29 | 0.46 | 0.04 | 0.19 | −0.25 | −19.49** |
_2 (1/0) | 0.21 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.14 | 0.34 | −0.11 | −7.98** |
_3 (1/0) | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 1.47 |
_4 (1/0) | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.16 | 0.37 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.12 | 9.12** |
_5 (top 20%) (1/0) | 0.18 | 0.38 | 0.10 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.22 | 18.06** |
Expenditure on MAH over food at home | 0.43 | 1.61 | 0.35 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 2.41 | 0.25 | 4.73** |
Head own mobile phone (1/0) | 0.73 | 0.44 | 0.65 | 0.48 | 0.90 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 17.22** |
HH is connected to public electricity system (1/0) | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0.84 | 0.37 | 0.44 | 28.98** |
HH has improved water source (1/0) | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.66 | 0.48 | 0.19 | 12.12** |
Improved sanitation (toilet facility), community (%) | 0.59 | 0.35 | 0.49 | 0.34 | 0.81 | 0.27 | 0.32 | 0.30** |
Health center/hospital in the community (1/0) | 0.73 | 0.44 | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.81 | 0.39 | 0.12 | 8.15** |
HH has irrigated plot (1/0) | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 0.09 | −0.01 | −2.17** |
HH distance to nearest large weekly market (km) | 67.76 | 43.92 | 71.30 | 39.50 | 60.45 | 51.12 | −10.85 | −7.41** |
HH distance in (km) to nearest population center with +20,000 (km) | 23.65 | 20.07 | 29.08 | 20.26 | 12.47 | 14.19 | −16.60 | −26.76** |
Fraction of land under agriculture within 1km buffer | 27.78 | 27.00 | 33.66 | 27.37 | 15.68 | 21.69 | −17.98 | −20.90** |
Agroecological zones | ||||||||
Tropic-warm/semiarid (1/0) | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.16 | 0.37 | −0.20 | −13.79** |
Tropic-warm/subhumid (1/0) | 0.57 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.71 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 12.38** |
Tropic-warm/humid (1/0) | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.12 | 0.33 | 0.01 | 0.70 |
Tropic-cool/sub-humid (1/0) | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0.09 | −0.00 | −0.74 |
Month of interview | ||||||||
February (1/0) | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0.08 | 5.74** |
March (1/0) | 0.71 | 0.45 | 0.74 | 0.44 | 0.64 | 0.48 | −0.09 | −6.41** |
April (1/0) | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 2.84* |