Economic benefits of livestock management in Ghana

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 3 Annual cost components (Gh₵) per household

Components	Agro ecological zone
Components	Guinea savannah	Sudan savannah
External cost (Ghana cedis) of managing small ruminants per household per year
Veterinary service	22.10^a	23.08^a
Medicine/drugs	12.73^a	9.25^a
Fencing/housing	10.37^a	14.09^a
Dipping	2.98^a	2.22^a
Feed supplements	7.64^a	4.93^a
Total	55.80^a	53.56^a
Hidden cost (Ghana cedis) of small ruminant per household per year
Sheep
Lambs 0–12 months	53.00^a	33.27^a
Ewes	69.16^a	102.73^a
Rams	83.68^a	127.29^a
Goats
Kids 0–12 months	27.53^a	23.29^a
Does	51.90^a	75.33^b
Bucks	65.45^a	65.45^a
Total	254.38^a	309.02^a
Overall production costs

Note: Within rows, means (least square mean values) of components with different superscripts are significantly different at P < 0.05 on a t-test of means. Exchange rate: US$1 was equivalent to Gh₵1.9