Table 5 Parameter estimates for the multinomial logistic model of conservation practices
| Variables | No-tillage only | Cover crops only | Use of manure only | No-tillage and cover crops | No-tillage and use of manure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constant |
− 2.003** (0.971) |
− 2.503 (4.073) |
− 1.247 (3.001) |
− 0.273 (2.352) |
− 0.504 (2.014) |
| KW factor |
− 5.850*** (2.087) |
17.827** (8.826) |
− 8.417 (7.090) |
− 4.282 (4.887) |
1.406 (4.210) |
| Available water content |
11.634*** (3.801) |
− 40.898** (16.91) |
12.720 (12.704) |
10.621 (8.888) |
− 2.349 (7.639) |
| Std slope |
− 0.013 (0.036) |
0.198* (0.116) |
− 0.291** (0.137) |
− 0.091 (0.090) |
− 0.044 (0.073) |
| Farm size |
0.00047*** (0.000069) |
− 0.0000083 (0.00029) |
− 0.000043 (0.00025) |
0.00041*** (0.00011) |
0.00047*** (0.000070) |
| Rental percentage |
0.590*** (0.149) |
− 1.131* (0.609) |
− 0.282 (0.486) |
1.006*** (0.329) |
0.803*** (0.294) |
| Irrigation percentage |
0.309 (0.324) |
− 5.898 (4.162) |
0.665 (0.922) |
− 1.402 (1.194) |
0.761 (0.637) |
| EQIP and CSP |
0.533*** (0.185) |
1.018* (0.586) |
− 0.466 (0.752) |
1.123*** (0.313) |
0.805*** (0.293) |
| Experience |
− 0.0068* (0.0037) |
− 0.014 (0.012) |
− 0.0083 (0.012) |
− 0.0060 (0.0084) |
− 0.020*** (0.0077) |
| Risk avoider |
− 0.021 (0.104) |
− 0.331 (0.377) |
0.380 (0.330) |
− 0.487** (0.246) |
− 0.221 (0.216) |
| Off− farm employ |
0.286*** (0.109) |
− 0.498 (0.399) |
− 0.0016 (0.348) |
0.413* (0.248) |
0.146 (0.216) |
| Crop insurance |
0.140 (0.113) |
− 0.545 (0.388) |
− 0.105 (0.340) |
− 0.053 (0.251) |
− 0.209 (0.222) |
| Gender |
0.629** (0.248) |
− 0.527 (0.665) |
0.882 (1.040) |
− 0.434 (0.447) |
− 0.367 (0.423) |
| College |
0.324*** 0.114 |
− 0.579 (0.460) |
0.853** (0.338) |
0.266 (0.244) |
0.387* (0.217) |
| Livestock |
− 0.224** (0.107) |
− 0.472 (0.377) |
2.039*** (0.497) |
− 0.105 (0.241) |
0.628*** (0.228) |
| West |
0.042 (0.156) |
− 0.468 (0.534) |
0.145 (0.487) |
− 0.254 (0.351) |
0.668** (0.302) |
| East |
0.339** (0.133) |
− 1.960*** (0.663) |
0.109 (0.435) |
− 0.294 (0.306) |
0.797*** (0.272) |
| Average PZ |
− 0.778 (0.579) |
− 5.824*** (2.186) |
2.257 (2.191) |
0.471 (1.439) |
0.074 (1.076) |
| Std PZ |
0.737 (0.543) |
2.744 (2.170) |
− 1.807 (1.685) |
− 1.080 (1.304) |
− 0.886 (1.126) |
| Fit statistics | |||||
| Log likelihood | − 2180.80 | ||||
| McFadded pseudo R2 | 0.084 | ||||
| Number of observations | 2091 | ||||