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Table 1 Description and measurement of variables

From: Nonfarm activity and market participation by farmers in Ghana

Variable description

Measurement

Dependent variables

 

Engaged in nonfarm activity

1 = if yes; 0 = otherwise

Sold crop

1 = if yes; 0 = otherwise

Explanatory variables

 

Age of household head

Years

Average age of household

Years

Sex of household head

1 = if male; 0 = otherwise

Years of education of head

Years spent in school

Area of residence

1 = if rural; 0 = otherwise

Region of residence

Dummy for each region

Farm size

Hectare

Price/kg

Ghana cedi/kilogram

Extension office in community

1 = if yes; 0 = otherwise

Agricultural wage

Ghana cedi

Ecological zone

Dummy for each zone

Adult equivalent scale

Scale

Market in community

1 = if yes; 0 = otherwise

Navigable road to community

1 = if yes; 0 = otherwise

Public transport availability

1 = if yes; 0 = otherwise

Ownership of radio

1 = if yes; 0 = otherwise

Bank in community

1 = if yes; 0 = otherwise

Ease of finding jobs in community

1 = if easy; 0 = otherwise

People temporarily leave community

1 = if yes; 0 = otherwise

  1. aRepresents aggregate variables for the five crops: maize, rice, groundnut, beans, and sorghum; price/kg is calculated as the average of the price/kg for each crop