From: Structural change in the dairy sector: exit from farming and farm type change
Variable | Farm type change = 0 | Farm type change = 1 | Mean difference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Std. dev. | Mean | Std. dev. | (mean 1 − mean 0) | |
Number of workers (family): 0 | 0.001 | 0.024 | 0.001 | 0.026 | 0.000 |
 1 | 0.084 | 0.278 | 0.100 | 0.300 | 0.016** |
 2 | 0.362 | 0.481 | 0.378 | 0.485 | 0.016 |
 3 | 0.297 | 0.457 | 0.295 | 0.456 | − 0.002 |
 4 | 0.177 | 0.382 | 0.164 | 0.370 | − 0.014 |
 5 | 0.045 | 0.206 | 0.036 | 0.187 | − 0.008* |
 > 5 | 0.035 | 0.183 | 0.027 | 0.161 | − 0.008* |
Apprentices (binary) | 0.029 | 0.168 | 0.015 | 0.122 | − 0.014*** |
Employees (binary) | 0.126 | 0.332 | 0.127 | 0.333 | 0.001 |
Age of the farmer (years) | 45.038 | 13.525 | 43.323 | 12.685 | − 1.714*** |
Number of dairy cows | 16.340 | 12.210 | 14.266 | 9.347 | − 2.074*** |
Stocking rate (LU/UAA) | 1.415 | 0.936 | 1.216 | 0.511 | − 0.198*** |
Organic farm (binary) | 0.122 | 0.327 | 0.194 | 0.396 | 0.072*** |
Animal welfare housing system (BTS, binary) | 0.353 | 0.478 | 0.463 | 0.499 | 0.110*** |
Regularly keeping animals outdoors (RAUS, binary) | 0.755 | 0.430 | 0.814 | 0.389 | 0.059*** |
Herfindahl–Hirschman index | 0.412 | 0.115 | 0.404 | 0.114 | − 0.008*** |
Direct payments in 1000 CHF | 47.770 | 27.771 | 46.889 | 29.320 | − 0.881 |
Ratio of direct payments/SO | 0.422 | 0.226 | 0.437 | 0.182 | 0.016*** |
Milk price index (2015 = 100) | 115.882 | 10.170 | 115.603 | 10.717 | − 0.280 |
Gruyère (PDO region) | 0.156 | 0.362 | 0.157 | 0.364 | 0.002 |
Raclette du Valais (PDO reg.) | 0.042 | 0.200 | 0.027 | 0.163 | − 0.014*** |
Rest of CH | 0.803 | 0.398 | 0.815 | 0.388 | 0.012 |
Comparison salary in 2nd and 3rd sector in 1000 CHF | 63.757 | 5.553 | 63.991 | 5.334 | 0.234* |
Unemployment rate | 0.024 | 0.009 | 0.024 | 0.009 | 0.001*** |
Valley region | 0.217 | 0.412 | 0.203 | 0.403 | − 0.013 |
Hill region | 0.353 | 0.478 | 0.386 | 0.487 | 0.033*** |
Mountain region | 0.431 | 0.495 | 0.411 | 0.492 | − 0.020 |
Agricultural policy periods | |||||
 2000–2001 | 0.123 | 0.328 | 0.120 | 0.326 | − 0.002 |
 2002–2006 | 0.298 | 0.457 | 0.300 | 0.458 | 0.002 |
 2007–2008 | 0.114 | 0.318 | 0.114 | 0.317 | − 0.001 |
 2009–2013 | 0.269 | 0.443 | 0.199 | 0.400 | − 0.069*** |
 2014–2018 | 0.197 | 0.397 | 0.267 | 0.443 | 0.070*** |
Number of observations | 439,534 | Â | 1461 | Â | Â |