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Table 9 Extended model of the association between HHDS (using healthy food groups) and farm production diversity

From: Leveraging farm production diversity for dietary diversity: evidence from national level panel data

Explanatory variables

Dependent variable: HHDS based on 9 food groups

Pooled

Fixed effect

PDS

SID

CDS

PDS

SID

CDS

Farm production diversity

0.006*** (0.001)

0.09*** (0.015)

0.006*** (0.001)

0.009*** (0.002)

0.146*** (0.023)

0.007*** (0.002)

Annual income

3.03E−08*** (1.10E−08)

3.01E−08*** (1.11E−08)

2.81E−08*** (1.11E−09)

2.48E−08*** (1.91E−08)

2.11E−08 (1.91E−08)

2.41E−08 (1.91E−08)

Market orientation

0.001*** (0.0002)

0.001*** (0.0002)

0.0009*** (0.0003)

0.002*** (0.0003)

0.0014*** (0.0002)

0.0017*** (0.0003)

Market access

− 0.008** (0.003)

− 0.008*** (0.002)

− 0.013*** (0.0002)

− 0.008** (0.004)

− 0.008*** (0.003)

− 0.008* (0.003)

Age of HH

0.0004 (0.0003)

0.0005* (0.0003)

3.54E−04 (2.78E−04)

0.0004 (0.0007)

0.004*** (0.0007)

0.004*** (0.0007)

Sex of HH

− 0.024** (0.001)

− 0.024** (0.009)

− 0.022** (0.001)

− 0.051 (0.019)

− 0.044** (0.019)

− 0.05* (0.018)

Education of HH head

0.014*** (0.002)

0.009*** (0.001)

0.008*** (0.001)

0.015*** (0.003)

0.014*** (0.003)

0.015*** (0.003)

HH size

0.014*** (0.002)

0.014*** (0.002)

0.014** (0.002)

0.005*** (0.004)

0.004*** (0.004)

0.006 (0.004)

Farm size

8.9E−05* (4.4E−05)

− 6.26E−05 (4.35E−05)

− 7.76E−06* (4.29E−05)

− 5.41E−05 (7.52E−05)

− 5.64E−05 (7.5E−05)

− 2.99E−05 (7.47E−05)

Participation in social SSN program

0.022*** (0.007)

0.021** (0.007)

0.021*** (0.008)

0.002*** (0.009)

− 0.003 (0.009)

0.003 (0.009)

Agricultural asset value

8.94E−08 (1.02E−08)

7.78E−08 (1.02E−07)

8.50E−08 (1.07E−07)

2.37E−08 (1.91E−08)

− 2.24E−08 (1.91E−07)

− 2.07E−08 (1.92E−07)

Constant

1.89*** (0.017)

1.88*** (0.018)

1.87*** (0.017)

   

Wald χ2

321.04

324.95

326.85

160.20

174.08

154.33

Number of observations

11,720

11,720

11,720

11,720

11,720

11,720

  1. Authors’ analyses using 3 rounds of BIHS panel data
  2. ***, ** and * indicate significance at the 1% 5% and 10% levels, respectively; figures in the parentheses are standard errors