From: Does contract farming affect technical efficiency? Evidence from soybean farmers in Northern Ghana
Variable | Pooled | Contract farming | Non-contract farming | t-ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Gender of the farmer | 0.65 | 0.48 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.69 | 0.46 | − 2.06** |
Basic education | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 0.43 | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.32 |
Secondary education | 0.13 | 0.34 | 0.14 | 0.35 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.9 |
Tertiary education | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 0.26 | − 0.88 |
Household size | 7.54 | 5.18 | 8.43 | 6.88 | 6.82 | 3.09 | 3.59*** |
Soy farming experience | 12.94 | 8.78 | 13.13 | 10.1 | 12.79 | 7.58 | 0.45 |
Land size | 3.08 | 2.95 | 3.54 | 3.71 | 2.72 | 2.09 | 3.2*** |
Household asset index | 0.003 | 2.00 | − 0.33 | 1.83 | 0.26 | 2.10 | − 3.37*** |
Farmer specialization | 3.44 | 7.03 | 4.66 | 9.46 | 2.48 | 3.97 | 3.59*** |
Off-farm activities | 0.41 | 0.49 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.46 | 0.50 | − 2.2** |
Labor (person days) | 66.45 | 35.01 | 72.43 | 36.0 | 61.71 | 33.48 | 3.54*** |
Extension contacts | 2.08 | 1.66 | 2.70 | 1.38 | 1.59 | 1.70 | 8.13*** |
Credit Access | 0.38 | 0.49 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.34 | 0.48 | 1.81* |
FBO membership | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.49 | 0.44 | 0.50 | 3.5*** |
Distance to market | 5.72 | 10.27 | 6.32 | 13.6 | 5.24 | 6.47 | 1.21 |
Occurrence of drought | 0.02 | 1.19 | 0.20 | 1.34 | − 0.13 | 1.03 | 3.29*** |
Risk aversion | 0.65 | 0.48 | 0.68 | 0.47 | 0.62 | 0.49 | 1.5 |
Regional dummy | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.58 | 0.49 | − 3.70*** |