From: Does contract farming affect technical efficiency? Evidence from soybean farmers in Northern Ghana
Explanatory variables | Unmatched sample | Matched sample | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coeff. | Z-stat | Marginal effect | Coeff. | Z-stat | Marginal effect | |
Gender of the farmer | − 0.184 | − 1.36 | − 0.073 | − 0.181 | − 1.33 | − 0.071 |
Basic education | 0.265* | 1.68 | 0.105 | 0.269* | 1.66 | 0.106 |
Secondary education | 0.369* | 1.82 | 0.146 | 0.369* | 1.81 | 0.146 |
Tertiary education | 0.173 | 0.63 | 0.069 | 0.184 | 0.67 | 0.073 |
Household size | 0.037*** | 2.56 | 0.014 | 0.031** | 2.01 | 0.012 |
Soybean farming experience | 0.019** | 2.42 | 0.008 | 0.019** | 2.32 | 0.007 |
Land size | 0.051* | 1.76 | 0.020 | 0.044 | 1.34 | 0.017 |
Household assets Index | − 0.167*** | − 3.43 | − 0.065 | − 0.158*** | − 3.00 | − 0.062 |
Farmer specialization | 0.023* | 1.87 | 0.009 | 0.021 | 1.33 | 0.008 |
Off-farm activities | 0.033 | 0.25 | 0.013 | 0.023 | 0.17 | 0.009 |
Labor | 0.001 | 0.55 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.66 | 0.001 |
Extension contacts | 0.254*** | 6.13 | 0.100 | 0.249*** | 5.93 | 0.097 |
Credit access | 0.225* | 1.81 | 0.089 | 0.224* | 1.79 | 0.088 |
Farmer groups | 0.265** | 2.04 | 0.104 | 0.264** | 2.03 | 0.103 |
Distance to district market | 0.005 | 0.96 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.94 | 0.002 |
Occurrence of drought | 0.109* | 1.94 | 0.043 | 0.106* | 1.84 | 0.041 |
Risk aversion | 0.227* | 1.69 | 0.088 | 0.219 | 1.63 | 0.085 |
Regional dummy | 0.005 | 0.03 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.03 | 0.002 |
Constant | − 1.966 | − 7.3 |  | − 1.895 | − 6.77 |  |
Wald chi2(18) | 120.66*** | Â | Â | 97.03*** | Â | Â |
Pseudo-R2 | 0.179 | Â | Â | 0.147 | Â | Â |
Count R2 | 67.80% | Â | Â | 66.93% | Â | Â |
Log pseudo-likelihood | − 299.286 |  |  | − 298.222 |  |  |
No. of observations | 531 | Â | Â | 511 | Â | Â |