What factors make consumers in the USA buy hemp products? Evidence from Nielsen consumer panel data

Kim, GwanSeon; Mark, Tyler

doi:10.1186/s40100-023-00245-y

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 4 First-stage probit estimation results

From: What factors make consumers in the USA buy hemp products? Evidence from Nielsen consumer panel data

Variable	Granola		Nuts		Nutrition		Protein
Variable	Coef	M.E	Coef	M.E	Coef	M.E	Coef	M.E
M_Income	0.154**	0.047	0.151***	0.026	0.041	0.002	0.035	0.007
	(0.069)	(0.021)	(0.047)	(0.008)	(0.065)	(0.003)	(0.128)	(0.025)
H_Income	0.129*	0.038	0.167***	0.029	−0.107	−0.005	−0.077	−0.015
	(0.072)	(0.021)	(0.050)	(0.009)	(0.070)	(0.003)	(0.126)	(0.025)
Age2	−0.199***	−0.061	−0.083	−0.014	−0.298***	−0.016	0.084	0.016
	(0.054)	(0.017)	(0.051)	(0.009)	(0.066)	(0.004)	(0.107)	(0.020)
Age3	−0.294***	−0.082	−0.141**	−0.023	−0.403***	−0.016	−0.113	−0.021
	(0.069)	(0.018)	(0.059)	(0.009)	(0.078)	(0.003)	(0.148)	(0.026)
HH Size	−0.084***	−0.025	−0.021	−0.004	0.005	0.0002	−0.030	−0.006
	(0.018)	(0.005)	(0.015)	(0.002)	(0.021)	(0.001)	(0.034)	(0.007)
Married	−0.066	−0.020	−0.157***	−0.028	0.098*	0.004	0.063	0.012
	(0.050)	(0.015)	(0.037)	(0.007)	(0.054)	(0.002)	(0.096)	(0.018)
Edu2	−0.053	−0.016	0.121***	0.021	0.163***	0.008	0.241**	0.049
	(0.060)	(0.018)	(0.042)	(0.008)	(0.063)	(0.003)	(0.117)	(0.025)
Edu3	−0.039	−0.012	0.100**	0.017	0.178***	0.009	0.237**	0.048
	(0.059)	(0.017)	(0.042)	(0.007)	(0.064)	(0.003)	(0.119)	(0.025)
Edu4	0.029	0.009	0.184***	0.034	0.006	0.0003	−0.035	−0.007
	(0.065)	(0.020)	(0.049)	(0.010)	(0.081)	(0.004)	(0.138)	(0.026)
Employed	0.134***	0.040	0.015	0.003	−0.006	−0.0003	0.159*	0.030
	(0.043)	(0.013)	(0.031)	(0.005)	(0.045)	(0.002)	(0.086)	(0.016)
White	−0.259	−0.082	−0.206***	−0.038	−0.024	−0.001	0.095	0.018
	(0.084)	(0.028)	(0.061)	(0.012)	(0.098)	(0.005)	(0.158)	(0.029)
Black	−0.013	−0.004	−0.281***	−0.041	0.150	0.008	0.019	0.004
	(0.114)	(0.034)	(0.076)	(0.009)	(0.114)	(0.007)	(0.195)	(0.038)
Asian	−0.504***	−0.123	−0.321***	−0.045	−0.283	−0.010	0.167	0.035
	(0.123)	(0.024)	(0.088)	(0.010)	(0.149)	(0.004)	(0.223)	(0.051)
Hispanic	−0.011	−0.003	0.147***	0.027	−0.098	−0.004	0.031	0.006
	(0.073)	(0.022)	(0.053)	(0.010)	(0.089)	(0.004)	(0.148)	(0.030)
Midwest	0.159***	0.049	−0.097*	−0.016	−0.192***	−0.008	0.147	0.030
	(0.059)	(0.019)	(0.051)	(0.008)	(0.067)	(0.002)	(0.124)	(0.027)
South	−0.202***	−0.058	0.260***	0.047	−0.321***	−0.014	0.092	0.018
	(0.059)	(0.016)	(0.046)	(0.009)	(0.060)	(0.002)	(0.115)	(0.023)
West	0.268***	0.082	0.269***	0.049	−0.307***	−0.014	−0.279**	−0.052
	(0.053)	(0.017)	(0.044)	(0.008)	(0.057)	(0.002)	(0.118)	(0.021)
Hemp State	0.086*	0.026	−0.055*	−0.009	0.001	0.0001	−0.027	−0.005
	(0.044)	(0.013)	(0.032)	(0.005)	(0.057)	(0.003)	(0.082)	(0.016)
Constant	−0.302**		−1.940***		−2.090***		−1.068***
	(0.145)		(0.125)		(0.189)	(0.002)	(0.297)
Log Likelihood	−3054.221		−5035.573		−2027.504		−812.334
McFadden R²	0.069		0.058		0.046		0.058
Observations	5,959		15,233		18,871		2,263

Significance levels are indicated by ***, **, * for 1, 5, and 10 percent significance levels, respectively. Robust standard errors are reported in parentheses. This study also includes time dummy variables (year dummies in the model) to control for time-specific fixed effects, but we do not report the results in Table 5

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