Table 2 Summary statistics and mean differences between organic and conventional farms.

Variables

Mean

Mean

Mean difference

Production value per land

67.470

62.916

4.554

(41.370)

(46.060)

Labor inputs per land

3.387

9.057

 − 5.670***

(3.395)

(8.901)

Paid cost per land

5.348

12.300

 − 6.952***

(8.772)

(17.545)

Paid wage cost per land

20.981

18.500

2.481

(28.388)

(22.372)

Trees per land

143.585

157.020

 − 13.435**

(41.523)

(41.178)

Family labor

4.875

4.530

0.345

(4.126)

(4.151)

Wage labor

3.950

4.243

 − 0.293

(4.449)

(6.828)

Capital-land ratio

18.490

28.423

 − 9.933

(31.441)

(143.158)

Age

55.738

54.298

1.439

(12.377)

(11.032)

Education

12.725

12.420

0.305

(4.715)

(4.727)

Farm years

24.725

21.099

3.626**

(11.085)

(12.683)

Olive trees

6.027

3.255

2.772***

(4.969)

(3.689)

Age olive trees

37.988

39.193

 − 1.206

(21.509)

(24.155)

Share of irrigated area

7.639

11.057

 − 3.419

(13.671)

(20.651)

Price olive oil

23.419

22.510

0.909***

(1.818)

(2.462)

Biennial bearing

0.525

0.459

0.066

(0.503)

(0.500)

Distance to mill

4.320

4.148

0.172

(6.135)

(4.280)

Access to Cannan

0.688

0.033

0.654***

(0.466)

(0.180)

Modern olive presses

58.700

58.387

0.313

(3.004)

(2.945)