Table 3 Interval regression models on consumer price premium for rice cultivated with use of biological larvicides

Demographics

Age respondent

− 1.50

(2.74)

− 1.23

(2.70)

− 0.97

(2.83)

− 0.10

(2.74)

− 1.02

(2.68)

0.30

(2.87)

− 0.45

(2.80)

Male respondent

29.49

(31.33)

11.75

(76.46)

21.90

(78.51)

10.06

(76.10)

11.02

(75.84)

6.19

(78.43)

1.68

(77.91)

No. of household members

20.01

(31.3)

11.75

(30.67)

28.42

(32.10)

14.02

(30.09)

25.55

(30.16)

21.44

(31.74)

30.03

(31.63)

No. of children < 18 years

− 68.87*

(39.35)

− 63.79*

(38.30)

− 84.28**

(40.59)

− 58.77

(37.85)

− 70.16**

(37.99)

− 74.21**

(40.03)

− 81.09**

(39.97)

No. of children < 5 years

93.99*

(56.58)

92.22

(56.06)

109.58*

(57.80)

85.91

(55.81)

91.25

(55.85)

99.80**

(57.45)

104.45*

(57.21)

Sample zone (ref: zone 1; area without marshland—no rice cultivation)

Zone 2: non-sprayed rice cultivation

79.64

(99.96)

81.05

(98.69)

91.50

(101.76)

110.39

(99.09)

43.91

(98.67)

129.15

(102.74)

65.00

(101.02)

Zone 3: sprayed rice cultivation (expert-led)

− 76.26

(104.87)

− 45.60

(104.63)

− 91.62

(105.82)

− 13.30

(105.51)

− 51.67

(102.96)

− 32.33

(108.28)

− 64.50

(104.72)

Zone 4: sprayed rice cultivation (community-based)

− 84.23

(104.94)

− 89.37

(103.75)

− 102.99

(105.30)

− 31.09

(105.23)

− 84.85

(103.14)

− 53.73

(106.93)

− 100.54

(104.03)

Knowledge, attitudes, behavior, experiences related to malaria (control)

ITN ownership

− 176.16*

(105.58)

− 202.90*

(104.92)

− 208.03*

(106.40)

− 192.72*

(103.48)

− 192.27**

(103.15)

− 218.38**

(106.02)

− 225.32**

(105.44)

Importance of consistent ITN use (1 = low; 2 = medium; 3 = high)

202.19

(196.93)

218.18

(195.71)

185.57

(197.77)

192.06

(194.99)

226.06

(194.89)

178.95

(196.80)

207.40

(195.87)

Perceived frequency of mosquito bites around homestead

− 37.43

(58.63)

− 36.65

(58.13)

− 53.52

(59.27)

− 32.26

(57.92)

− 37.69

(57.83)

− 49.09

(58.99)

− 49.45

(58.66)

Perceived risk of malaria to own household (1 = low; 2 = medium; 3 = high)

18.43

(68.56)

15.13

(68.08)

22.46

(69.16)

14.09

(67.81)

13.87

(67.65)

15.88

(68.85)

15.33

(68.36)

Household member deceased in past 5 years

− 357.84***

(129.46)

− 335.29***

(127.27)

− 388.04***

(129.81)

− 332.05***

(126.33)

− 358.18***

(125.73)

− 348.01***

(130.05)

− 386.16***

(128.32)

Aware of Community Malaria Action Teams (CMATs)

134.36*

(77.96)

123.41

(77.15)

140.42*

(78.93)

122.68

(76.89)

134.38**

(76.69)

132.95*

(78.54)

145.41*

(78.03)

Aware of Bti (larvicide)

103.85

(82.07)

101.50

(81.52)

112.70

(83.59)

81.09

(81.45)

100.68

(80.83)

98.13

(83.31)

111.94

(82.43)

Perceived responsibility for actor(s) in malaria control

(Inter)national actors; Rwandan government + international donors

− 4.41

(13.44)

− 0.09

(13.41)

0.77

(13.55)

− 2.60

(13.23)

− 6.01

(13.15)

2.68

(13.53)

− 0.33

(13.38)

Local actors; ‘leaders’ + ‘people’

33.41**

(12.93)

34.14***

(12.80)

31.57**

(13.34)

39.77***

(13.02)

32.75**

(12.70)

36.24***

(13.46)

30.98**

(13.16)

Farmers

− 26.13

(17.04)

− 28.02*

(16.89)

− 25.99

(17.21)

− 33.94**

(17.12)

− 24.55

(16.73)

− 32.21*

(17.39)

− 24.62

(16.97)

Rice purchase decision

Price sensitivity

− 154.72**

(71.84)

− 144.04**

(70.71)

− 173.87**

(73.30)

− 123.48*

(71.25)

− 137.89**

(70.29)

− 146.21**

(73.85)

− 161.10**

(72.47)

Convenience sensitivity

− 77.77*

(40.02)

− 76.67*

(39.69)

− 84.86**

(40.51)

− 85.56**

(39.72)

− 82.52**

(39.51)

− 91.56**

(40.44)

− 89.97**

(40.08)

Frequency of rice consumption

85.48***

(31.01)

72.19**

(32.58)

Living standard

MPI score

− 73.11

(248.24)

Wealth index

22.81**

(11.00)

Classified as umutindi (lowest category in Ubudehe system) [1 = yes; 0 = no]

− 164.51*

(96.15)

− 145.86

(95.76)

− 147.70

(94.93)

Ability to save money (past 3 months) [1 = yes; 0 = no]

302.20***

(103.56)

296.28***

(105.40)

No. of observations

LR test statistic (Χ²)

290

40.53***

290

44.77***

281

46.52***

290

48.14***

290

49.16***

281

51.48***

281

54.61***