Heterogeneity in farmers’ stage of behavioural change in intercropping adoption: an application of the Transtheoretical Model

Agricultural and Food Economics

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of farmers’ and farms’ characteristics by stages of change

	Whole sample	Pre-contemplation (n = 97)	Contemplation (n = 153)	Action and maintenance (n = 138)
I. Farmers’ characteristics
Age (respondent’s mean age)	55.95	61.36^a	55.38^b	52.78^b
Male (% of male respondents)	85.31	89.69^a	89.54^a	78.99^b
UniversityDummy (% of respondents have university or higher degree)	38.65	30.93^a	41.18^b	41.30^b
II. Farms’ characteristics
Arable land (ha)	105.91	73.65^a	131.09^b	100.73^a
Ley (% of respondents growing ley)	79.90	69.07^a	77.12^a	90.58^b
ContractworkDummy (% of respondents hired equipment and drivers)	70.10	68.04^a	68.63^a	73.19^a
HHincome (Household income/year level 1–9)	4.70	4.13^a	5.04^b	4.65^c
III. Policy supports
GrassProtectionSupport (% respondents received either ley farming support or protection zone support)	77.84	73.20^a	79.80^a	79.71^a

HHincome ranged from 1 (Less than 150 000 kr) to 9 (Between 1050 000 kr and 1200 000 kr). Values within a row with different superscripts ^a,b,care different in either mean or percentage at 5% significance level, using Chi-square test (for the percentage) or t-test (for the mean)