Table 3 Logit results of farmer adoption of computerized/automated technology, 2010 (Standard errors in parenthesis)
From: The adoption of technologies, management practices, and production systems in U.S. milk production
Variable | Units | Computerized Feed Delivery System | Computerized Milking System | Computer to Manage Dairy Records | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  |  | β | Marg Effect | β | Marg Effect | β | Marg Effect |
Constant |  | –4.8220*** (0.8249) |  | –5.6313*** (0.9065) |  | –2.7211*** (0.6024) |  |
Farm Structure | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cows | No./100 | 0.1220*** (0.0336) | 0.0074*** (0.0020) | 0.0214 (0.0195) | 0.0010 (0.0010) | 0.4062*** (0.1406) | 0.0892*** (0.0330) |
Acres | No./100 | 0.0515** (0.0225) | 0.0031** (0.0010) | 0.0791*** (0.0261) | 0.0038*** (0.0010) | 0.1081*** (0.0334) | 0.0237*** (0.0070) |
Owned | Portion | –0.4698* (0.2717) | –0.0285* (0.0162) | 0.2866*** (0.1052) | 0.0138*** (0.0050) | 0.1438 (0.1046) | 0.0316 (0.0231) |
Specialized | Portion | 1.9100** (0.7621) | 0.1161** (0.0477) | 2.0391** (0.8850) | 0.0983** (0.0425) | 0.7340 (0.6151) | 0.1612 (0.1334) |
Organic | 0-1 | –0.9541** (0.3986) | –0.0419*** (0.0154) | –0.5936* (0.3557) | –0.0231* (0.0131) | 0.0266 (0.2031) | 0.0059 (0.0449) |
Pasture-based | 0-1 | –0.0877 (0.5212) | –0.0052 (0.0301) | –0.3445 (0.5208) | –0.0152 (0.0201) | –0.2756 (0.2593) | –0.0587 (0.0527) |
Farmer Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age | Yrs./10 | 0.1025 (0.1009) | 0.0062 (0.0062) | 0.1017 (0.1078) | 0.0049 (0.0051) | 0.0002 (0.0684) | 0.0000 (0.0150) |
College | 0-1 | 0.5915* (0.3127) | 0.0440 (0.0278) | 0.8527*** (0.2893) | 0.0559** (0.0239) | 1.0507*** (0.2400) | 0.2506*** (0.0580) |
Regions | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
West | 0-1 | 0.4910 (0.4646) | 0.0367 (0.0408) | 0.0486 (0.4873) | 0.0024 (0.0244) | 0.7398* (0.3949) | 0.1769* (0.0975) |
Pacific | 0-1 | 0.3543 (0.4289) | 0.0247 (0.0334) | 0.9872** (0.3992) | 0.0715* (0.0391) | 0.3691 (0.4413) | –0.0587 (0.0527) |
Southeast | 0-1 | –0.9249* (0.5238) | –0.0385** (0.0161) | –3.6464 (2.2622) | –0.0513*** (0.0088) | 0.1809 (0.3427) | 0.0409* (0.0789) |
Corn Belt | 0-1 | 0.3359 (0.3528) | 0.0225 (0.0250) | –0.0159 (0.3860) | –0.0008 (0.0185) | 0.3226 (0.2174) | 0.0732 (0.0501) |
Northern Plains | 0-1 | –0.0263 (0.5652) | –0.0016 (0.0336) | –0.6097 (0.7224) | –0.0227 (0.0209) | 0.3226 (0.2174) | –0.0277 (0.0849) |
Appalachia | 0-1 | –0.1633 (0.3950) | –0.0093 (0.0215) | –0.0257 (0.3921) | –0.0012 (0.0186) | –0.2235 (0.2494) | –0.0472 (0.0511) |
Northeast | 0-1 | –0.1040 (0.4136) | –0.0062 (0.0241) | 0.0795 (0.4258) | 0.0039 (0.0212) | –0.0914 (0.2640) | –0.0199 (0.0571) |
Southern Plains | 0-1 | –2.0439** (1.0421) | –0.0586*** (0.0137) | –3.6757 (3.0604) |  | –0.6904 (0.4545) | –0.1317* (0.0754) |
Diagnostics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pseudo R-square | Â | 0.1511 | Â | 0.1266 | Â | 0.1989 | Â |
Constant |  | –1.3024*** (0.5003) |  | –1.8703*** (0.5522) |  | –4.4040*** (0.9720) |  |
Farm Structure | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cows | No./100 | 0.2420** (0.0998) | 0.0605** (0.0250) | 0.3545* (0.1933) | 0.0877* (0.0490) | 0.0369* (0.0199) | 0.0012* (0.0007) |
Acres | No./100 | 0.0820*** (0.0293) | 0.0205*** (0.0070) | 0.1654*** (0.0421) | 0.0409*** (0.0100) | 0.0090 (0.0174) | 0.0002 (0.0010) |
Owned | Portion | 0.0285 (0.1061) | 0.0071 (0.0265) | 0.1133 (0.1227) | 0.0280 (0.0304) | 0.0779 (0.1115) | 0.0025 (0.0035) |
Specialized | Portion | 1.0941** (0.4581) | 0.2733** (0.1145) | 1.1199** (0.5113) | 0.2769** (0.1250) | –0.5187 (0.6899) | –0.0168 (0.0227) |
Organic | 0-1 | 0.0297 (0.1730) | 0.0074 (0.0432) | –0.6630*** (0.2012) | –0.1552*** (0.0439) | –0.6928 (0.4412) | –0.0174* (0.0096) |
Pasture-based | 0-1 | –0.3330 (0.2134) | –0.0830 (0.0528) | –0.7728*** (0.2555) | –0.1821*** (0.0547) | –0.9543* (0.5126) | –0.0243** (0.0098) |
Farmer Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age | Yrs./10 | –0.0318 (0.0701) | –0.0079 (0.0175) | –0.0911 (0.0686) | –0.0225 (0.0170) | 0.2504*** (0.0951) | 0.0810** (0.0350) |
College | 0-1 | 1.5028*** (0.2834) | 0.3286*** (0.0485) | 0.8154*** (0.2822) | 0.2006*** (0.0666) | 0.1055 (0.2457) | 0.0035 (0.0085) |
Regions | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
West | 0-1 | 0.1956 (0.3883) | 0.0486 (0.0957) | –1.2902** (0.6198) | –0.2677*** (0.1018) | 1.2892** (0.5237) | 0.0766* (0.0460) |
Pacific | 0-1 | –0.0166 (0.3635) | –0.0042 (0.0908) | 1.2490*** (0.4616) | 0.2944*** (0.0972) | 3.6362*** (0.4186) | 0.4907*** (0.0799) |
Southeast | 0-1 | –0.4735 (0.3227) | –0.1170 (0.0779) | –1.5584*** (0.5061) | –0.3041*** (0.0749) | 2.3456*** (0.4211) | 0.2279*** (0.0668) |
Corn Belt | 0-1 | –0.3144 (0.2014) | –0.0784 (0.0500) | –0.3053 (0.2074) | –0.0744 (0.0500) | –0.2714 (0.5588) | –0.0081 (0.0158) |
Northern Plains | 0-1 | –0.1517 (0.4114) | –0.0379 (0.1027) | 0.9535** (0.4754) | 0.2304** (0.1046) | 0.4631 (0.8462) | 0.0186 (0.0408) |
Appalachia | 0-1 | –0.7061*** (0.2290) | –0.1719*** (0.0531) | 0.5523** (0.2214) | 0.1372** (0.0541) | –0.0985 (0.5255) | –0.0031 (0.0159) |
Northeast | 0-1 | –0.6250*** (0.2307) | –0.1548*** (0.0560) | –0.2459 (0.2386) | –0.0603 (0.0579) | 0.0964 (0.5536) | 0.0032 (0.0186) |
Southern Plains | 0-1 | –0.6308 (0.4073) | –0.1542 (0.0950) | –1.6702*** (0.5661) | –0.3204*** (0.0789) | 1.7811*** (0.5201) | 0.1327** (0.0624) |
Diagnostics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Pseudo R-square | Â | 0.1223 | Â | 0.1916 | Â | 0.3086 | Â |