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Table 4 Biosecurity preventive measures undertaken by poultry producers in Nigeria

From: Examining the control of bird flu risks among Nigerian poultry producers: implication for effectiveness of biosecurity knowledge, attitude, and practices (EBKAP)

Biosecurity measure

Free-range

Small-scale

Medium-scale

Large-scale

All households

Closed doors in poultry house all the time

55.4%

75.0%

80.4%

76.7%

63.5%

Check poultry house daily for dead or sick birds

83.4%

92.0%

93.5%

92.9%

86.9%

Kept same poultry cage during the outbreak in village

71.0%

82.9%

82.2%

82.1%

75.5%

Quarantined newly purchased poultry

56.4%

68.3%

72.3%

78.5%

62.0%

Check the symptoms of diseases before purchase

78.4%

84.1%

87.0%

86.2%

80.9%

Used all-in and all-out method for each type of poultry

57.3%

72.7%

80.6%

73.7%

64.8%

Monitored contact between your’s and neighbors’ poultry

50%

67.6%

79.5%

73.1%

58.3%

Monitored contact between your’s and wild poultry

47.8%

70.9%

81.6%

64.3%

57.8%

All visitors cleaned with disinfectant

29.3%

42.2%

65.8%

56.7%

38.4%

All visitors changed clothes

26.0%

31.7%

42.1%

33.3%

29.6%

Frequently cleaned floors and cages from feces

77.6%

84.6%

86.0%

85.2%

80.5%

Total number of biosecurity measures implemented

4.92

6.23

7.20

8.89

5.52

Closed doors in poultry house all the time

55.4%

75.0%

80.4%

76.7%

63.5%

Check poultry house daily for dead or sick birds

83.4%

92.0%

93.5%

92.9%

86.9%

Kept same poultry cage during the outbreak in village

71.0%

82.9%

82.2%

82.1%

75.5%

Quarantined newly purchased poultry

56.4%

68.3%

72.3%

78.5%

62.0%

Check the symptoms of diseases before purchase

78.4%

84.1%

87.0%

86.2%

80.9%

Used all-in and all-out method for each type of poultry

57.3%

72.7%

80.6%

73.7%

64.8%

Monitored contact en between your’s and neighbors’ poultry

50%

67.6%

79.5%

73.1%

58.3%

Monitored contact between your’s and wild poultry

47.8%

70.9%

81.6%

64.3%

57.8%

All visitors cleaned with disinfectant

29.3%

42.2%

65.8%

56.7%

38.4%

All visitors changed clothes

26.0%

31.7%

42.1%

33.3%

29.6%

Frequently cleaned floors and cages from feces

77.6%

84.6%

86.0%

85.2%

80.5%

Total number of biosecurity measures implemented

4.92

6.23

7.20

8.89

5.52

  1. Source: Field Survey, 2010 and 2014