Table 6 Conditional logit model results
From: Japanese consumer preferences for additive-free wine labeling
Variable | Estimated value | t value | Price of WTP (JPY) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ASC (alternate-specific constants) | 1.700 | 14.534 | *** | 1641.423 | |
Antioxidant additive-free label dummy (M) | 0.447 | 1.261 | 431.794 | ||
Antioxidant-free label (M) × awareness of dangers of food additives (T) = (M*T) | 0.651 | 3.202 | *** | 628.339 | |
Antioxidant-free label (M) × knowledge of wine (W) = (M*W) | −0.676 | −3.227 | *** | −652.969 | |
Antioxidant-free label (M) × knowledge of food processing (S) = (M*S) | −0.641 | −3.187 | *** | −619.041 | |
Antioxidant-free label (M) × conformity with others (D) = (M*D) | 0.417 | 2.073 | ** | 402.682 | |
Antioxidant-free label (M) × low need for cognition (N) = (M*N) | −0.311 | −1.533 | −300.442 | ||
Organic label dummy (Y) | 0.049 | 0.163 | 47.536 | ||
Organic label (Y) × awareness of dangers of food additives (T) = (Y*T) | 0.251 | 1.288 | 242.141 | ||
Organic label (Y) × knowledge of wine (W) = (Y*W) | −0.479 | −2.347 | ** | −462.577 | |
Organic label (Y) × knowledge of food processing (S) = (Y*S) | 0.060 | 0.310 | 57.821 | ||
Organic label (Y) × conformity with others (D) = (Y*D) | −0.020 | −0.103 | −19.186 | ||
Organic label (Y) × low need for cognition (N) = (Y*N) | −0.181 | −0.933 | −174.414 | ||
Product of France label dummy (F) | −1.119 | −3.241 | *** | −1080.328 | |
Product of France label (F) × awareness of dangers of food additives (T) = (F*T) | −0.505 | −2.579 | *** | −487.365 | |
Product of France label (F) × knowledge of wine (W) = (F*W) | 0.768 | 3.773 | *** | 742.061 | |
Product of France label (F) × knowledge of food processing (S) = (F × S) | 0.267 | 1.363 | 258.135 | ||
Product of France label (F) × conformity with others (D) = (F*D) | 0.450 | 2.296 | ** | 434.310 | |
Product of France label (F) × low need for cognition (N) = (F*N) | 0.065 | 0.332 | 62.956 | ||
Product of Chile label dummy (C) | −0.626 | −2.311 | ** | −604.828 | |
Product of Chile label (C) × awareness of dangers of food additives (T) = (C*T) | −0.516 | −2.563 | ** | −497.957 | |
Product of Chile label (C) × knowledge of wine (W) = (C*W) | 0.563 | 2.791 | *** | 543.592 | |
Product of Chile label (C) × knowledge of food processing (S) = (C*S) | −0.023 | −0.111 | −21.861 | ||
Product of Chile label (C) × conformity with others (D) = (C*D) | −0.684 | −3.359 | *** | −660.198 | |
Product of Chile label (C) × low need for cognition (N) = (C*N) | 0.294 | 1.456 | 284.047 | ||
Female dummy (J) × antioxidant-free label (M) = (J*M) | 0.630 | 3.212 | *** | 608.835 | |
Female dummy (J) × product of France label (F) = (J*F) | −0.324 | −1.726 | * | −312.894 | |
Age (A) × antioxidant-free label (M) = (A*M) | 0.016 | 0.202 | 15.763 | ||
Age (A) × organic label (Y) = (A*Y) | 0.129 | 1.773 | * | 124.984 | |
Age (A) × product of France label (F) = (A*F) | −0.098 | −1.266 | −94.689 | ||
Annual income (I) × antioxidant-free label (M) = (I*M) | −0.040 | −1.254 | −39.063 | ||
Annual income (I) × product of France label (F) = (I*F) | 0.063 | 2.055 | ** | 60.811 | |
Price (P) | −0.001 | −13.991 | *** | ||
Number of samples | 2232 | ||||
Log likelihood | −1257.492 | ||||
McFadden’s R square | 0.155 | ||||