Table 4 Asymmetries in vertical price transmission
From: The effect of EU 2006 sugar regime reform on vertical price transmission
Member States | Ex-work price to retail price | Retail price to ex-work price | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Toward price increase | Toward price decrease | Toward price increase | Toward price decrease | ||||||
Pre-reform | Post-reform | Pre-reform | Post-reform | Pre-reform | Post-reform | Pre-reform | Post-reform | ||
EU-15 | France | x | x | – | – | x | – | – | – |
Germany | x | x | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Greece | x | x | – | – | x | x | – | – | |
Netherlands | x | x | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
Spain | x | – | – | – | x | x | – | – | |
United King. | x | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
NMS-12 | Czech Rep. | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | x |
Poland | x | x | – | – | x | – | – | – | |
Romania | – | x | – | – | – | x | – | – | |